{"id":18550,"date":"2022-02-14T17:20:58","date_gmt":"2022-02-14T11:50:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/?p=18550"},"modified":"2022-02-14T19:35:58","modified_gmt":"2022-02-14T14:05:58","slug":"what-is-pulmonary-stenosis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/what-is-pulmonary-stenosis\/","title":{"rendered":"What is pulmonary stenosis?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/S1uk9-SaOpc\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #008000;\">What is pulmonary stenosis?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Pulmonary stenosis is narrowing of the valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery. Pulmonary artery is the large blood vessel carrying blood to the lungs for oxygen enrichment. Right ventricle is the right lower chamber of the heart which pumps blood to the lungs. Pulmonary valve prevents backflow of blood from the pulmonary artery into the right ventricle when it relaxes after a contraction.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18556\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18556\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-18556\" src=\"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Pulmonary-stenosis-1024x575.jpg\" alt=\"Pulmonary stenosis\" width=\"640\" height=\"359\" srcset=\"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Pulmonary-stenosis-1024x575.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Pulmonary-stenosis-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Pulmonary-stenosis-768x431.jpg 768w, https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Pulmonary-stenosis.jpg 1203w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18556\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pulmonary stenosis<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>When the pulmonary valve is narrowed, right ventricle finds it increasingly difficult to pump blood into the pulmonary artery. The right ventricular muscle becomes gradually thickened (right ventricular hypertrophy) in an attempt overcome the obstruction. But when the pulmonary stenosis is very severe, right ventricle is unable to overcome the obstruction and gradually fails due the overwork. When right ventricle fails, the back pressure is transmitted to the right atrium, the right upper chamber of the heart.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18560\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18560\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-18560\" src=\"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Pressure-in-right-atrium-rises-1024x568.jpg\" alt=\"Pressure in right atrium rises\" width=\"640\" height=\"355\" srcset=\"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Pressure-in-right-atrium-rises-1024x568.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Pressure-in-right-atrium-rises-300x166.jpg 300w, https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Pressure-in-right-atrium-rises-768x426.jpg 768w, https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Pressure-in-right-atrium-rises.jpg 1217w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18560\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pressure in right atrium rises<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Right atrium enlarges due to the higher pressure inside. This in turn is transmitted to the great veins known as superior and inferior vena cava. Superior vena cava drains the blood from head and neck to the right atrium, to be taken to lungs for oxygen enrichment. Inferior vena cava drains blood from the lower part of the body for transport to the lungs.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18562\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18562\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-18562\" src=\"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Superior-and-inferior-vena-cava-1024x578.jpg\" alt=\"Superior and inferior vena cava\" width=\"640\" height=\"361\" srcset=\"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Superior-and-inferior-vena-cava-1024x578.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Superior-and-inferior-vena-cava-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Superior-and-inferior-vena-cava-768x433.jpg 768w, https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Superior-and-inferior-vena-cava.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18562\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Superior and inferior vena cava<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Congestion of the superior vena cava manifests as dilated veins in the neck. Congestion of the inferior vena cava causes enlargement of the liver, and collection of fluid under the skin of the legs (edema). In late stages fluid also collects inside the tummy. This state is known as right heart failure. Liver and kidney function may also deteriorate in advanced cases due to the back pressure of blood.<\/p>\n<p>Usual tests done in case of pulmonary stenosis are ECG, X-ray of the chest and echocardiogram (ultrasound study of the heart). Echocardiogram will show thickening and narrowing of the pulmonary valve. The pressure gradient across the valve can be estimated by Doppler echocardiography. This will give an estimate of the severity of obstruction. Right ventricular and right atrial status can also be documented by echocardiography. Pulmonary stenosis is usually caused by a birth defect.<\/p>\n<p>In severe cases, an obstructed pulmonary valve can be opened up by a procedure known as balloon pulmonary valvotomy. In this procedure, a balloon attached to a tube known as balloon catheter, is introduced through a small hole in the groin skin. The balloon is guided across the pulmonary valve using X-ray imaging. When it is across the valve, the balloon is inflated, relieving the obstruction. The procedure is done under local anaesthesia and there is no need to open up the chest.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_18563\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-18563\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-18563\" src=\"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Balloon-pulmonary-valvotomy-1024x571.jpg\" alt=\"Balloon pulmonary valvotomy\" width=\"640\" height=\"357\" srcset=\"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Balloon-pulmonary-valvotomy-1024x571.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Balloon-pulmonary-valvotomy-300x167.jpg 300w, https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Balloon-pulmonary-valvotomy-768x428.jpg 768w, https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Balloon-pulmonary-valvotomy.jpg 1210w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-18563\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Balloon pulmonary valvotomy<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In the past, surgical pulmonary valvotomy was done by opening the chest under anaesthesia. It is seldom done now a days, unless there are other associated birth defects which need repair by opening the heart.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is pulmonary stenosis? Pulmonary stenosis is narrowing of the valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery. Pulmonary artery is the large blood vessel carrying blood to the lungs for oxygen enrichment. Right ventricle is the right lower chamber of the heart which pumps blood to the lungs. Pulmonary valve prevents backflow of blood [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":18552,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18550","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What is pulmonary stenosis? - All About Heart And Blood Vessels<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/what-is-pulmonary-stenosis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What is pulmonary stenosis? - All About Heart And Blood Vessels\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What is pulmonary stenosis? 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