{"id":23719,"date":"2026-06-16T19:08:47","date_gmt":"2026-06-16T13:38:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/?p=23719"},"modified":"2026-06-16T19:08:49","modified_gmt":"2026-06-16T13:38:49","slug":"bidirectional-ventricular-tachycardia-a-rare-and-specific-ventricular-arrhythmia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/bidirectional-ventricular-tachycardia-a-rare-and-specific-ventricular-arrhythmia\/","title":{"rendered":"Bidirectional Ventricular Tachycardia: A Rare and Specific Ventricular Arrhythmia"},"content":{"rendered":"<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/L4-xVPNSiyM?si=SUbhjfXdfZ7U9jVu\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bidirectional Ventricular Tachycardia (BVT) is a rare, highly specific ventricular tachyarrhythmia characterized by a beat-to-beat alternation of the QRS frontal plane axis. It is a critical finding when evaluating syncope or sudden cardiac death, particularly in patients with structurally normal hearts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">ECG Hallmarks<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The diagnosis hinges on clear pattern recognition:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Heart Rate:<\/strong> Typically ranges between 120 and 200 bpm.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Morphology:<\/strong> Usually presents with a Right Bundle Branch Block (RBBB) pattern in lead V1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>The &#8220;Bidirectional&#8221; Feature:<\/strong> A beat-to-beat alternation of the QRS axis in the limb leads (alternating between left axis deviation and right axis deviation).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The &#8220;Classic Triad&#8221; of Etiologies<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If BVT appears on a monitor, the differential diagnosis is incredibly narrow and should immediately trigger consideration of three primary conditions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Digitalis Toxicity:<\/strong> Historically the most famous cause. BVT in a patient on digoxin is considered pathognomonic for severe toxicity until proven otherwise.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (CPVT):<\/strong> An inherited channelopathy\u2014most commonly an autosomal dominant mutation in the RYR2 gene, or autosomal recessive in CASQ2. It presents with exercise- or emotion-induced syncope, often starting in childhood.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Andersen-Tawil Syndrome (ATS):<\/strong> A rare disorder linked to KCNJ2 mutations (Kir2.1 channel). It classically presents with the triad of periodic paralysis, ventricular arrhythmias (including BVT or frequent PVCs), and dysmorphic physical features.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(Rare outliers include aconite poisoning, severe myocarditis, or familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pathophysiology: The Calcium Overload<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The underlying electrophysiological mechanism unifying these distinct etiologies is <strong>intracellular calcium overload<\/strong> leading to delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\"><strong>In Digoxin Toxicity:<\/strong> Inhibition of the Na<sup>+<\/sup>\/K<sup>+<\/sup> ATPase pump leads to increased intracellular Na<sup>+<\/sup>. This reverses the Na<sup>+<\/sup>\/Ca<sup>2+<\/sup> exchanger, flooding the cell with calcium.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>In CPVT:<\/strong> The mutated ryanodine receptor (RYR2) becomes &#8220;leaky&#8221; during sympathetic stimulation (catecholamine release), spontaneously releasing Ca<sup>2+<\/sup> from the sarcoplasmic reticulum during diastole.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When these DADs reach threshold, they trigger ectopic beats. The characteristic &#8220;alternating axis&#8221; is thought to occur because the ectopic focus alternates between the anterior and posterior fascicles of the left bundle branch (or alternatively, firing from alternating sites in the left and right ventricles).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bidirectional Ventricular Tachycardia (BVT) is a rare, highly specific ventricular tachyarrhythmia characterized by a beat-to-beat alternation of the QRS frontal plane axis. It is a critical finding when evaluating syncope or sudden cardiac death, particularly in patients with structurally normal hearts. ECG Hallmarks The diagnosis hinges on clear pattern recognition: The &#8220;Classic Triad&#8221; of Etiologies [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23720,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23719","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Bidirectional Ventricular Tachycardia: A Rare and Specific Ventricular Arrhythmia - All About Heart And Blood Vessels<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/bidirectional-ventricular-tachycardia-a-rare-and-specific-ventricular-arrhythmia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bidirectional Ventricular Tachycardia: A Rare and Specific Ventricular Arrhythmia - All About Heart And Blood Vessels\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Bidirectional Ventricular Tachycardia (BVT) is a rare, highly specific ventricular tachyarrhythmia characterized by a beat-to-beat alternation of the QRS frontal plane axis. It is a critical finding when evaluating syncope or sudden cardiac death, particularly in patients with structurally normal hearts. ECG Hallmarks The diagnosis hinges on clear pattern recognition: The &#8220;Classic Triad&#8221; of Etiologies [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/bidirectional-ventricular-tachycardia-a-rare-and-specific-ventricular-arrhythmia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"All About Heart And Blood Vessels\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-06-16T13:38:47+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-06-16T13:38:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Bidirectional-Ventricular-Tachycardia-Rare-and-Specific-Ventricular-Arrhythmia.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1280\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"720\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Johnson Francis\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Johnson Francis\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/bidirectional-ventricular-tachycardia-a-rare-and-specific-ventricular-arrhythmia\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/bidirectional-ventricular-tachycardia-a-rare-and-specific-ventricular-arrhythmia\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Johnson Francis\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/f35ea33ecf9c9923597de2691ebed1a7\"},\"headline\":\"Bidirectional Ventricular Tachycardia: A Rare and Specific Ventricular Arrhythmia\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-16T13:38:47+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-16T13:38:49+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/bidirectional-ventricular-tachycardia-a-rare-and-specific-ventricular-arrhythmia\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":344,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/bidirectional-ventricular-tachycardia-a-rare-and-specific-ventricular-arrhythmia\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/Bidirectional-Ventricular-Tachycardia-Rare-and-Specific-Ventricular-Arrhythmia.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"General\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/bidirectional-ventricular-tachycardia-a-rare-and-specific-ventricular-arrhythmia\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/bidirectional-ventricular-tachycardia-a-rare-and-specific-ventricular-arrhythmia\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/bidirectional-ventricular-tachycardia-a-rare-and-specific-ventricular-arrhythmia\\\/\",\"name\":\"Bidirectional Ventricular Tachycardia: A Rare and Specific Ventricular Arrhythmia - All About Heart And Blood Vessels\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/bidirectional-ventricular-tachycardia-a-rare-and-specific-ventricular-arrhythmia\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/bidirectional-ventricular-tachycardia-a-rare-and-specific-ventricular-arrhythmia\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/Bidirectional-Ventricular-Tachycardia-Rare-and-Specific-Ventricular-Arrhythmia.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-16T13:38:47+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-06-16T13:38:49+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/f35ea33ecf9c9923597de2691ebed1a7\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/bidirectional-ventricular-tachycardia-a-rare-and-specific-ventricular-arrhythmia\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/bidirectional-ventricular-tachycardia-a-rare-and-specific-ventricular-arrhythmia\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/bidirectional-ventricular-tachycardia-a-rare-and-specific-ventricular-arrhythmia\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/Bidirectional-Ventricular-Tachycardia-Rare-and-Specific-Ventricular-Arrhythmia.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/Bidirectional-Ventricular-Tachycardia-Rare-and-Specific-Ventricular-Arrhythmia.jpg\",\"width\":1280,\"height\":720},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/bidirectional-ventricular-tachycardia-a-rare-and-specific-ventricular-arrhythmia\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Bidirectional Ventricular Tachycardia: A Rare and Specific Ventricular Arrhythmia\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/\",\"name\":\"All About Heart And Blood Vessels\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/f35ea33ecf9c9923597de2691ebed1a7\",\"name\":\"Johnson Francis\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/80861b82c3f559be9e413245c5643b6c483c93495507facfe32cf96ccd8bcffd?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/80861b82c3f559be9e413245c5643b6c483c93495507facfe32cf96ccd8bcffd?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/80861b82c3f559be9e413245c5643b6c483c93495507facfe32cf96ccd8bcffd?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Johnson Francis\"},\"description\":\"Former Professor of Cardiology, Calicut Govt. Medical Kozhikode, Kerala, India. Editor-in-Chief, BMH Medical Journal\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/author\\\/jf\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Bidirectional Ventricular Tachycardia: A Rare and Specific Ventricular Arrhythmia - All About Heart And Blood Vessels","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/bidirectional-ventricular-tachycardia-a-rare-and-specific-ventricular-arrhythmia\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Bidirectional Ventricular Tachycardia: A Rare and Specific Ventricular Arrhythmia - All About Heart And Blood Vessels","og_description":"Bidirectional Ventricular Tachycardia (BVT) is a rare, highly specific ventricular tachyarrhythmia characterized by a beat-to-beat alternation of the QRS frontal plane axis. It is a critical finding when evaluating syncope or sudden cardiac death, particularly in patients with structurally normal hearts. ECG Hallmarks The diagnosis hinges on clear pattern recognition: The &#8220;Classic Triad&#8221; of Etiologies [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/bidirectional-ventricular-tachycardia-a-rare-and-specific-ventricular-arrhythmia\/","og_site_name":"All About Heart And Blood Vessels","article_published_time":"2026-06-16T13:38:47+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-06-16T13:38:49+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1280,"height":720,"url":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Bidirectional-Ventricular-Tachycardia-Rare-and-Specific-Ventricular-Arrhythmia.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Johnson Francis","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Johnson Francis","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/bidirectional-ventricular-tachycardia-a-rare-and-specific-ventricular-arrhythmia\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/bidirectional-ventricular-tachycardia-a-rare-and-specific-ventricular-arrhythmia\/"},"author":{"name":"Johnson Francis","@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/#\/schema\/person\/f35ea33ecf9c9923597de2691ebed1a7"},"headline":"Bidirectional Ventricular Tachycardia: A Rare and Specific Ventricular Arrhythmia","datePublished":"2026-06-16T13:38:47+00:00","dateModified":"2026-06-16T13:38:49+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/bidirectional-ventricular-tachycardia-a-rare-and-specific-ventricular-arrhythmia\/"},"wordCount":344,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/bidirectional-ventricular-tachycardia-a-rare-and-specific-ventricular-arrhythmia\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Bidirectional-Ventricular-Tachycardia-Rare-and-Specific-Ventricular-Arrhythmia.jpg","articleSection":["General"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/bidirectional-ventricular-tachycardia-a-rare-and-specific-ventricular-arrhythmia\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/bidirectional-ventricular-tachycardia-a-rare-and-specific-ventricular-arrhythmia\/","url":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/bidirectional-ventricular-tachycardia-a-rare-and-specific-ventricular-arrhythmia\/","name":"Bidirectional Ventricular Tachycardia: A Rare and Specific Ventricular Arrhythmia - All About Heart And Blood Vessels","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/bidirectional-ventricular-tachycardia-a-rare-and-specific-ventricular-arrhythmia\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/bidirectional-ventricular-tachycardia-a-rare-and-specific-ventricular-arrhythmia\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Bidirectional-Ventricular-Tachycardia-Rare-and-Specific-Ventricular-Arrhythmia.jpg","datePublished":"2026-06-16T13:38:47+00:00","dateModified":"2026-06-16T13:38:49+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/#\/schema\/person\/f35ea33ecf9c9923597de2691ebed1a7"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/bidirectional-ventricular-tachycardia-a-rare-and-specific-ventricular-arrhythmia\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/bidirectional-ventricular-tachycardia-a-rare-and-specific-ventricular-arrhythmia\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/bidirectional-ventricular-tachycardia-a-rare-and-specific-ventricular-arrhythmia\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Bidirectional-Ventricular-Tachycardia-Rare-and-Specific-Ventricular-Arrhythmia.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/Bidirectional-Ventricular-Tachycardia-Rare-and-Specific-Ventricular-Arrhythmia.jpg","width":1280,"height":720},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/bidirectional-ventricular-tachycardia-a-rare-and-specific-ventricular-arrhythmia\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Bidirectional Ventricular Tachycardia: A Rare and Specific Ventricular Arrhythmia"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/#website","url":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/","name":"All About Heart And Blood Vessels","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/#\/schema\/person\/f35ea33ecf9c9923597de2691ebed1a7","name":"Johnson Francis","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/80861b82c3f559be9e413245c5643b6c483c93495507facfe32cf96ccd8bcffd?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/80861b82c3f559be9e413245c5643b6c483c93495507facfe32cf96ccd8bcffd?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/80861b82c3f559be9e413245c5643b6c483c93495507facfe32cf96ccd8bcffd?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Johnson Francis"},"description":"Former Professor of Cardiology, Calicut Govt. Medical Kozhikode, Kerala, India. Editor-in-Chief, BMH Medical Journal","url":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/author\/jf\/"}]}},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23719","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23719"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23719\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23722,"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23719\/revisions\/23722"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23720"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23719"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23719"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23719"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}