{"id":23782,"date":"2026-07-07T05:40:18","date_gmt":"2026-07-07T00:10:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/?p=23782"},"modified":"2026-07-07T05:40:19","modified_gmt":"2026-07-07T00:10:19","slug":"methods-of-detecting-left-ventricular-hypertrophy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/methods-of-detecting-left-ventricular-hypertrophy\/","title":{"rendered":"Methods of Detecting Left Ventricular Hypertrophy"},"content":{"rendered":"<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/clmxohtE8lU?si=THv1tCJkRSRbV1Fi\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The detection of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) relies on a combination of electrical voltage criteria and structural imaging modalities. While electrocardiography serves as the primary screening tool, echocardiography and cardiac MRI provide definitive structural quantification and tissue characterization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Electrocardiography (ECG)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ECG is the most accessible method but generally suffers from low sensitivity (typically 10\u201330%) despite high specificity (often &gt;90%). Because standard criteria perform poorly in certain populations (like obesity), newer criteria have been developed to improve diagnostic yield.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>Criteria<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Formula \/ Requirement<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Notes<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Sokolow-Lyon<\/strong><\/td><td>SV1 + RV5 or V6 \u2265 35 mm<\/td><td>Classic but heavily influenced by body habitus and age.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Cornell Voltage<\/strong><\/td><td>SV3 + RaVL &gt; 28 mm (men)<br>&gt; 20 mm (women)<\/td><td>Adjusts for sex differences; generally higher sensitivity than Sokolow-Lyon.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/28359515\/\" type=\"link\" id=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/28359515\/\">Peguero-Lo Presti<\/a><\/strong> (2017, JACC)<\/td><td>S<sub>D<\/sub> + SV4 \u2265 28 mm (men)<br>\u2265 23 mm (women)<\/td><td>S<sub>D<\/sub> = Deepest S wave in <em>any<\/em> lead. Offers higher sensitivity than older criteria.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Romhilt-Estes Score<\/strong><\/td><td>Point system (\u2265 5 points = definite LVH)<\/td><td>Incorporates voltage, ST-T wave abnormalities (strain), left atrial enlargement, and axis deviation.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Echocardiography (TTE)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Transthoracic echocardiography is the primary clinical modality for definitively diagnosing LVH, allowing for the calculation of LV mass and the categorization of ventricular geometry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Diagnosis is based on calculating the <strong>Left Ventricular Mass Index (LVMI)<\/strong>, typically using the linear method (<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/2936235\/\" type=\"link\" id=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/2936235\/\">Devereux formula<\/a> LV mass = 0.80 (ASE-cube LV mass) + 0.6 g) based on 2D measurements of the interventricular septum (IVSd), posterior wall (PWd), and LV internal dimension (LVIDd) at end-diastole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jacc.org\/doi\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.01.037\" type=\"link\" id=\"https:\/\/www.jacc.org\/doi\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.01.037\">ASE\/EACVI guidelines<\/a>, the thresholds for LVH are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Men:<\/strong> LVMI &gt; 115 g\/m<sup>2<\/sup><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Women:<\/strong> LVMI &gt; 95 g\/m<sup>2<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Once LVH is identified, calculating the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinejase.com\/article\/S0894-7317(14)00745-7\/fulltext\" type=\"link\" id=\"https:\/\/onlinejase.com\/article\/S0894-7317(14)00745-7\/fulltext\">Relative Wall Thickness (RWT)<\/a><\/strong> determines the geometric pattern:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">RWT = (2 x PWd)\/LVIDd<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Concentric Hypertrophy:<\/strong> RWT > 0.42 (typically seen in pressure overload, e.g., hypertension, aortic stenosis).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Eccentric Hypertrophy:<\/strong> RWT \u2264 0.42 (typically seen in volume overload, e.g., severe mitral\/aortic regurgitation).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CMR)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">CMR is the reference standard for the accurate and reproducible assessment of LV mass, volumes, and systolic function. It relies on 3D data acquisition, eliminating the geometric assumptions required by linear echocardiographic measurements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Beyond simply measuring mass, CMR is critical for <strong>tissue characterization<\/strong> to differentiate the underlying etiologies of the hypertrophy:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Late Gadolinium Enhancement (LGE):<\/strong> Identifies replacement fibrosis. Patterns are highly specific:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\"><em>Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM):<\/em> Patchy, mid-wall LGE, particularly at right ventricular insertion points.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><em>Cardiac Amyloidosis:<\/em> Diffuse, global subendocardial or transmural LGE, often with abnormal blood-pool kinetics.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><em>Fabry Disease:<\/em> Mid-wall LGE typically localized to the basal inferolateral wall.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>T1 Mapping &amp; Extracellular Volume (ECV):<\/strong> Quantifies diffuse interstitial fibrosis before focal scars appear on LGE. Markedly elevated ECV is a hallmark of cardiac amyloidosis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The detection of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) relies on a combination of electrical voltage criteria and structural imaging modalities. While electrocardiography serves as the primary screening tool, echocardiography and cardiac MRI provide definitive structural quantification and tissue characterization. 1. Electrocardiography (ECG) ECG is the most accessible method but generally suffers from low sensitivity (typically 10\u201330%) [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23784,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23782","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Methods of Detecting Left Ventricular Hypertrophy - All About Heart And Blood Vessels<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/methods-of-detecting-left-ventricular-hypertrophy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Methods of Detecting Left Ventricular Hypertrophy - All About Heart And Blood Vessels\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The detection of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) relies on a combination of electrical voltage criteria and structural imaging modalities. While electrocardiography serves as the primary screening tool, echocardiography and cardiac MRI provide definitive structural quantification and tissue characterization. 1. Electrocardiography (ECG) ECG is the most accessible method but generally suffers from low sensitivity (typically 10\u201330%) [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/methods-of-detecting-left-ventricular-hypertrophy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"All About Heart And Blood Vessels\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-07-07T00:10:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-07-07T00:10:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Methods-of-Detecting-Left-Ventricular-Hypertrophy.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1280\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"717\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Johnson Francis\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Johnson Francis\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/methods-of-detecting-left-ventricular-hypertrophy\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/methods-of-detecting-left-ventricular-hypertrophy\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Johnson Francis\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/f35ea33ecf9c9923597de2691ebed1a7\"},\"headline\":\"Methods of Detecting Left Ventricular Hypertrophy\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-07-07T00:10:18+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-07-07T00:10:19+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/methods-of-detecting-left-ventricular-hypertrophy\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":424,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/methods-of-detecting-left-ventricular-hypertrophy\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/07\\\/Methods-of-Detecting-Left-Ventricular-Hypertrophy.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"General\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/methods-of-detecting-left-ventricular-hypertrophy\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/methods-of-detecting-left-ventricular-hypertrophy\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/methods-of-detecting-left-ventricular-hypertrophy\\\/\",\"name\":\"Methods of Detecting Left Ventricular Hypertrophy - All About Heart And Blood Vessels\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/methods-of-detecting-left-ventricular-hypertrophy\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/methods-of-detecting-left-ventricular-hypertrophy\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/07\\\/Methods-of-Detecting-Left-Ventricular-Hypertrophy.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-07-07T00:10:18+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-07-07T00:10:19+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/f35ea33ecf9c9923597de2691ebed1a7\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/methods-of-detecting-left-ventricular-hypertrophy\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/methods-of-detecting-left-ventricular-hypertrophy\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/methods-of-detecting-left-ventricular-hypertrophy\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/07\\\/Methods-of-Detecting-Left-Ventricular-Hypertrophy.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/07\\\/Methods-of-Detecting-Left-Ventricular-Hypertrophy.jpg\",\"width\":1280,\"height\":717},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/methods-of-detecting-left-ventricular-hypertrophy\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Methods of Detecting Left Ventricular Hypertrophy\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/\",\"name\":\"All About Heart And Blood Vessels\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/f35ea33ecf9c9923597de2691ebed1a7\",\"name\":\"Johnson Francis\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/80861b82c3f559be9e413245c5643b6c483c93495507facfe32cf96ccd8bcffd?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/80861b82c3f559be9e413245c5643b6c483c93495507facfe32cf96ccd8bcffd?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/80861b82c3f559be9e413245c5643b6c483c93495507facfe32cf96ccd8bcffd?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Johnson Francis\"},\"description\":\"Former Professor of Cardiology, Calicut Govt. Medical Kozhikode, Kerala, India. Editor-in-Chief, BMH Medical Journal\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/general\\\/author\\\/jf\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Methods of Detecting Left Ventricular Hypertrophy - All About Heart And Blood Vessels","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/methods-of-detecting-left-ventricular-hypertrophy\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Methods of Detecting Left Ventricular Hypertrophy - All About Heart And Blood Vessels","og_description":"The detection of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) relies on a combination of electrical voltage criteria and structural imaging modalities. While electrocardiography serves as the primary screening tool, echocardiography and cardiac MRI provide definitive structural quantification and tissue characterization. 1. Electrocardiography (ECG) ECG is the most accessible method but generally suffers from low sensitivity (typically 10\u201330%) [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/methods-of-detecting-left-ventricular-hypertrophy\/","og_site_name":"All About Heart And Blood Vessels","article_published_time":"2026-07-07T00:10:18+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-07-07T00:10:19+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1280,"height":717,"url":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Methods-of-Detecting-Left-Ventricular-Hypertrophy.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Johnson Francis","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Johnson Francis","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/methods-of-detecting-left-ventricular-hypertrophy\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/methods-of-detecting-left-ventricular-hypertrophy\/"},"author":{"name":"Johnson Francis","@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/#\/schema\/person\/f35ea33ecf9c9923597de2691ebed1a7"},"headline":"Methods of Detecting Left Ventricular Hypertrophy","datePublished":"2026-07-07T00:10:18+00:00","dateModified":"2026-07-07T00:10:19+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/methods-of-detecting-left-ventricular-hypertrophy\/"},"wordCount":424,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/methods-of-detecting-left-ventricular-hypertrophy\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Methods-of-Detecting-Left-Ventricular-Hypertrophy.jpg","articleSection":["General"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/methods-of-detecting-left-ventricular-hypertrophy\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/methods-of-detecting-left-ventricular-hypertrophy\/","url":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/methods-of-detecting-left-ventricular-hypertrophy\/","name":"Methods of Detecting Left Ventricular Hypertrophy - All About Heart And Blood Vessels","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/methods-of-detecting-left-ventricular-hypertrophy\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/methods-of-detecting-left-ventricular-hypertrophy\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Methods-of-Detecting-Left-Ventricular-Hypertrophy.jpg","datePublished":"2026-07-07T00:10:18+00:00","dateModified":"2026-07-07T00:10:19+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/#\/schema\/person\/f35ea33ecf9c9923597de2691ebed1a7"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/methods-of-detecting-left-ventricular-hypertrophy\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/methods-of-detecting-left-ventricular-hypertrophy\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/methods-of-detecting-left-ventricular-hypertrophy\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Methods-of-Detecting-Left-Ventricular-Hypertrophy.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Methods-of-Detecting-Left-Ventricular-Hypertrophy.jpg","width":1280,"height":717},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/methods-of-detecting-left-ventricular-hypertrophy\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Methods of Detecting Left Ventricular Hypertrophy"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/#website","url":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/","name":"All About Heart And Blood Vessels","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/#\/schema\/person\/f35ea33ecf9c9923597de2691ebed1a7","name":"Johnson Francis","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/80861b82c3f559be9e413245c5643b6c483c93495507facfe32cf96ccd8bcffd?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/80861b82c3f559be9e413245c5643b6c483c93495507facfe32cf96ccd8bcffd?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/80861b82c3f559be9e413245c5643b6c483c93495507facfe32cf96ccd8bcffd?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Johnson Francis"},"description":"Former Professor of Cardiology, Calicut Govt. Medical Kozhikode, Kerala, India. Editor-in-Chief, BMH Medical Journal","url":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/author\/jf\/"}]}},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23782","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23782"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23782\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23791,"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23782\/revisions\/23791"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23784"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23782"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23782"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/general\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23782"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}