{"id":10156,"date":"2012-04-22T07:06:06","date_gmt":"2012-04-22T07:06:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cardiophile.org\/?p=6895"},"modified":"2012-04-22T07:06:06","modified_gmt":"2012-04-22T07:06:06","slug":"carpentier-nomenclature-of-mitral-leaflet-scallops-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/carpentier-nomenclature-of-mitral-leaflet-scallops-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Carpentier nomenclature of mitral leaflet scallops"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Carpentier nomenclature of mitral leaflet scallops<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/_bS6DL24HvU\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe><br \/>\nCarpentier nomenclature of mitral leaflet scallops is important in assessing the mitral leaflets while planning mitral valve repair. The scallops can be identified well by transesophageal echocardiography, preferably in three dimensional mode. Two indentations in the posterior leaflet divides it into three independently mobile scallops named P1, P2 and P3. Anterior leaflet is non indented, by but has been divided into three corresponding virtual subdivisions known as A1, A2 and A3.<\/p>\n<p>Posterior leaflets have a quadrangular shape while the anterior leaflets have semicircular shape. These can be visualized well by a magnified three dimensional echocardiographic (3DE) image. Systolic billowing of the mitral leaflets into the left atrium is rather uniform with an exception in the P1 and P2 region. P1 has a single focus of regional heterogeneity in the curvature while P2 has two large foci of heterogeneity in curvature. This may be the reason why these two segments <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">(P1 and P2) have a higher propensity for prolapse and becoming flail.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Prof. Alain Carpentier was one of the pioneers in mitral valve repair, who introduced the nomenclature of mitral scallops [1,2].<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>References<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Jacob P Dal-Bianco, Robert A Levine. <a href=\"_wp_link_placeholder\" data-wplink-edit=\"true\">Anatomy of the Mitral Valve Apparatus: Role of 2D and 3D Echocardiography<\/a>. Cardiol Clin. 2013 May;31(2):151-64.<\/li>\n<li>A Carpentier. Cardiac Valve Surgery&#8211;The &#8220;French Correction&#8221;. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1983 Sep;86(3):323-37.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Posterior leaflet has three independently mobile scallops named P1, P2 and P3. Anterior leaflet is divided into virtual subdivisions known as A1, A2 and A3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":36135,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[22,8],"tags":[686,2398],"class_list":["post-10156","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cardiac-surgery","category-echocardiogram-library","tag-carpentier-nomenclature","tag-mitral-leaflet-scallops"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Carpentier nomenclature of mitral leaflet scallops<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Carpentier nomenclature of mitral leaflet scallops: Three scallops of posterior leaflet: P1, P2, P3. Virtual subdivisions of anterior leaflet: A1, A2, A3.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/carpentier-nomenclature-of-mitral-leaflet-scallops-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Carpentier nomenclature of mitral leaflet scallops\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Carpentier nomenclature of mitral leaflet scallops: Three scallops of posterior leaflet: P1, P2, P3. Virtual subdivisions of anterior leaflet: A1, A2, A3.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/carpentier-nomenclature-of-mitral-leaflet-scallops-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2012-04-22T07:06:06+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Johnson Francis\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Johnson Francis\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/carpentier-nomenclature-of-mitral-leaflet-scallops-2\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/carpentier-nomenclature-of-mitral-leaflet-scallops-2\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Johnson Francis\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/5441d907049b914770f4bd98fb57feec\"},\"headline\":\"Carpentier nomenclature of mitral leaflet scallops\",\"datePublished\":\"2012-04-22T07:06:06+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/carpentier-nomenclature-of-mitral-leaflet-scallops-2\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":228,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/5441d907049b914770f4bd98fb57feec\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/carpentier-nomenclature-of-mitral-leaflet-scallops-2\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"\",\"keywords\":[\"Carpentier nomenclature\",\"mitral leaflet scallops\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Cardiac Surgery\",\"Echocardiography\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/carpentier-nomenclature-of-mitral-leaflet-scallops-2\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/carpentier-nomenclature-of-mitral-leaflet-scallops-2\\\/\",\"name\":\"Carpentier nomenclature of mitral leaflet scallops\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/carpentier-nomenclature-of-mitral-leaflet-scallops-2\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/carpentier-nomenclature-of-mitral-leaflet-scallops-2\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"\",\"datePublished\":\"2012-04-22T07:06:06+00:00\",\"description\":\"Carpentier nomenclature of mitral leaflet scallops: Three scallops of posterior leaflet: P1, P2, P3. 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