{"id":408,"date":"2008-10-20T05:42:15","date_gmt":"2008-10-20T05:42:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cardiophile.org\/?p=408"},"modified":"2008-10-20T05:42:15","modified_gmt":"2008-10-20T05:42:15","slug":"sudden-cardiac-death-scd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/sudden-cardiac-death-scd\/","title":{"rendered":"Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/fuJ_Wnzq_ME\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD)<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) can be defined as natural death from cardiac causes heralded by abrupt loss of consciousness within 1 hour of the onset of an acute change in cardiovascular status. Annual incidence of SCD is about 3 lakhs in the US and 24 million worldwide.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Causes<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Coronary artery disease: 80%<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: inherit;\">CAD is by and large, the most important cause of SCD<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: inherit;\">Cardiomyopathy: 15%<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: inherit;\">Left ventricular hypertrophy is a strong independent risk factor for SCD<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: inherit;\">ARVD is being recognized as an important cause of exercise induced SCD<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: inherit;\">Aortic stenosis<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: inherit;\">Channelopathies \u2013 Long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, Short QT syndrome<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: inherit;\">Coronary anomalies \u2013 Anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery (ALCAPA)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: inherit;\">Aortic valve endocarditis<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: inherit;\">Myocarditis<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: inherit;\">Sarcoidosis<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: inherit;\">Operated Tetralogy of Fallot<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Predictors of Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>1. LV ejection fraction: LV ejection fraction &lt; 30% is the single most powerful independent predictor of SCD. The incidence of SCD increases as the ejection fraction decreases, but the proportion of SCD to all deaths due increase in deaths due to pump failure.<\/li>\n<li>NYHA class is similar to LV ejection fraction, but patients may shift from one class to another frequently.<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: inherit;\">Non sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) is a predictor in a small group of patients.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: inherit;\">Signal averaged ECG \u2013 Late potential predict SCD. It has a high negative predictive value. It is not useful in patients with bundle branch block.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: inherit;\">QRS duration \u2013 higher QRS duration is an indicator.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: inherit;\">T wave alternans \u2013 very good marker of SCD in ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: inherit;\">QT dispersion is the variability in QT interval between the leads \u2013 does not give any meaningful prognostic information.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: inherit;\">QT interval variability is the variability in QT interval during the period of ECG recording \u2013 predictive of SCD, but more studies are needed.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: inherit;\">Baroreceptor sensitivity \u2013 sensitivity of change in heart rate with change in blood pressure.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: inherit;\">Heart rate variability in short term and long term &#8211; short term heart rate variability is a predictor of SCD while long term heart rate variability is a predictor of total mortality.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: inherit;\">Heart rate turbulence \u2013 transient slowing of heart rate after the post ventricular ectopic beat followed by an acceleration. Heart rate turbulence is an important predictor of SCD.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: inherit;\">Heart rate recovery following a treadmill exercise test is a predictor of SCD.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: inherit;\">Inducible ventricular tachycardia on EP study<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) can be defined as natural death from cardiac causes heralded by abrupt loss of consciousness within 1 hour of the onset of an acute change in cardiovascular status.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":38518,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-408","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) - 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