{"id":4418,"date":"2017-11-04T09:08:04","date_gmt":"2017-11-04T03:38:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cardiophile.org\/?p=4418"},"modified":"2017-11-04T09:08:04","modified_gmt":"2017-11-04T03:38:04","slug":"friedewald-equation-for-calculating-vldl-and-ldl","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/friedewald-equation-for-calculating-vldl-and-ldl\/","title":{"rendered":"Friedewald equation for calculating VLDL and LDL"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Friedewald equation for calculation of LDL cholesterol<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/imO5Y_plXpA\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-22451\" src=\"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/03\/Friedewald-equation.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"681\" height=\"310\"><br \/>\nThe Friedewald equation is used to calculate VLDL-c (very low density lipoprotein cholesterol) and LDL-c (low density lipoprotein cholesterol) levels in a lipoprotein estimation test. In this method, total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL-c (high density lipoprotein cholesterol) are directly estimated using reagents. The formula published by&nbsp;Friedewald WT et al in 1972<sup>1<\/sup>&nbsp;was&nbsp;validated&nbsp;by&nbsp;Warnick GR and colleagues in 1990.<sup>2<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>VLDL-c = Triglycerides\/5<\/p>\n<p>LDL-c = Total cholesterol &#8211; (HDL-c + VLDL-c)<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Limitation of&nbsp;Friedewald equation<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This method of indirect LDL-c estimation becomes unreliable when the triglyceride (TG) levels are high. In that case direct LDL-c measurements have to be resorted to. Friedewald equation&nbsp;was introduced to reduce the time and cost needed for ultracentrifugation in case of direct LDL-c measurement in&nbsp;1972. Now a days, many laboratories are switching to direct LDL-c measurements in all situations to avoid errors and give better reliability to LDL-c values.<\/p>\n<p>Friedewald equation is not very accurate for estimation of VLDL-c. Friedewald and colleagues had pointed this out in their original publication in 1972 itself. But at that time VLDL-c levels were low compared to LDL-c and the inaccuracy was tolerable.<br \/>\nLDL-c values are also not very accurate at the low levels which are currently targeted in those with coronary artery disease.&nbsp;At low levels, Friedewald equation underestimates LDL-c values. This is more important now&nbsp;as hypertriglyceridemia is increasingly common because of&nbsp;obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes mellitus (metabolic syndrome). <sup>3<\/sup><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>References<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/4337382\">Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge<\/a>. Clin Chem. 1972;18:499-502.<\/li>\n<li>Warnick GR, Knopp RH, Fitzpatrick V, Branson L. Estimating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by the Friedewald equation is adequate for classifying patients on the basis of nationally recommended cutpoints.&nbsp;Clin Chem. 1990 Jan;36(1):15-9.<\/li>\n<li>Martin SS, Blaha MJ, Elshazly MB, Brinton EA, Toth PP, McEvoy JW, Joshi PH, Kulkarni KR, Mize PD, Kwiterovich PO, Defilippis AP, Blumenthal RS, Jones SR.&nbsp;Friedewald-estimated versus directly measured low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and treatment implications.&nbsp;J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013 Aug 20;62(8):732-9.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Friedewald equation is used to calculate VLDL-c (very low density lipoprotein cholesterol) and LDL-c (low density lipoprotein cholesterol) levels in a lipoprotein estimation test.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":31440,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[1547,1548,1644,2064,2349,3878,3955,4036,4201],"class_list":["post-4418","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general","tag-friedewald-equation","tag-friedewalds-equation","tag-hdl","tag-ldl","tag-metabolic-syndrome","tag-tg","tag-total-cholesterol","tag-triglyceride","tag-vldl"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Friedewald equation for calculation of LDL cholesterol and VLDL<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Friedewald equation is used to calculate LDL cholesterol and VLDL levels in a lipoprotein estimation test (lipid profile).\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/friedewald-equation-for-calculating-vldl-and-ldl\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Friedewald equation for calculation of LDL cholesterol and VLDL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Friedewald equation is used to calculate LDL cholesterol and VLDL levels in a lipoprotein estimation test (lipid profile).\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/friedewald-equation-for-calculating-vldl-and-ldl\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-11-04T03:38:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Johnson Francis\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Johnson Francis\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/friedewald-equation-for-calculating-vldl-and-ldl\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/friedewald-equation-for-calculating-vldl-and-ldl\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Johnson Francis\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/5441d907049b914770f4bd98fb57feec\"},\"headline\":\"Friedewald equation for calculating VLDL and LDL\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-11-04T03:38:04+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/friedewald-equation-for-calculating-vldl-and-ldl\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":357,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/5441d907049b914770f4bd98fb57feec\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/friedewald-equation-for-calculating-vldl-and-ldl\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"\",\"keywords\":[\"Friedewald equation\",\"Friedewald's equation\",\"HDL\",\"LDL\",\"metabolic syndrome\",\"TG\",\"Total cholesterol\",\"triglyceride\",\"VLDL\"],\"articleSection\":[\"General Cardiology\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/friedewald-equation-for-calculating-vldl-and-ldl\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/friedewald-equation-for-calculating-vldl-and-ldl\\\/\",\"name\":\"Friedewald equation for calculation of LDL cholesterol and VLDL\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/friedewald-equation-for-calculating-vldl-and-ldl\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/friedewald-equation-for-calculating-vldl-and-ldl\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-11-04T03:38:04+00:00\",\"description\":\"The Friedewald equation is used to calculate LDL cholesterol and VLDL levels in a lipoprotein estimation test (lipid profile).\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/friedewald-equation-for-calculating-vldl-and-ldl\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/friedewald-equation-for-calculating-vldl-and-ldl\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/friedewald-equation-for-calculating-vldl-and-ldl\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"\",\"contentUrl\":\"\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/friedewald-equation-for-calculating-vldl-and-ldl\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Friedewald equation for calculating VLDL and LDL\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/\",\"name\":\"All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/5441d907049b914770f4bd98fb57feec\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":[\"Person\",\"Organization\"],\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/5441d907049b914770f4bd98fb57feec\",\"name\":\"Johnson Francis\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/80861b82c3f559be9e413245c5643b6c483c93495507facfe32cf96ccd8bcffd?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/80861b82c3f559be9e413245c5643b6c483c93495507facfe32cf96ccd8bcffd?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/80861b82c3f559be9e413245c5643b6c483c93495507facfe32cf96ccd8bcffd?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Johnson Francis\"},\"logo\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/80861b82c3f559be9e413245c5643b6c483c93495507facfe32cf96ccd8bcffd?s=96&d=mm&r=g\"},\"description\":\"Former Professor of Cardiology, Calicut Govt. Medical Kozhikode, Kerala, India. Editor-in-Chief, BMH Medical Journal\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/author\\\/jf\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Friedewald equation for calculation of LDL cholesterol and VLDL","description":"The Friedewald equation is used to calculate LDL cholesterol and VLDL levels in a lipoprotein estimation test (lipid profile).","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/friedewald-equation-for-calculating-vldl-and-ldl\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Friedewald equation for calculation of LDL cholesterol and VLDL","og_description":"The Friedewald equation is used to calculate LDL cholesterol and VLDL levels in a lipoprotein estimation test (lipid profile).","og_url":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/friedewald-equation-for-calculating-vldl-and-ldl\/","og_site_name":"All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders","article_published_time":"2017-11-04T03:38:04+00:00","author":"Johnson Francis","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Johnson Francis","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/friedewald-equation-for-calculating-vldl-and-ldl\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/friedewald-equation-for-calculating-vldl-and-ldl\/"},"author":{"name":"Johnson Francis","@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/#\/schema\/person\/5441d907049b914770f4bd98fb57feec"},"headline":"Friedewald equation for calculating VLDL and LDL","datePublished":"2017-11-04T03:38:04+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/friedewald-equation-for-calculating-vldl-and-ldl\/"},"wordCount":357,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/#\/schema\/person\/5441d907049b914770f4bd98fb57feec"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/friedewald-equation-for-calculating-vldl-and-ldl\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"","keywords":["Friedewald equation","Friedewald's equation","HDL","LDL","metabolic syndrome","TG","Total cholesterol","triglyceride","VLDL"],"articleSection":["General Cardiology"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/friedewald-equation-for-calculating-vldl-and-ldl\/","url":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/friedewald-equation-for-calculating-vldl-and-ldl\/","name":"Friedewald equation for calculation of LDL cholesterol and VLDL","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/friedewald-equation-for-calculating-vldl-and-ldl\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/friedewald-equation-for-calculating-vldl-and-ldl\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"","datePublished":"2017-11-04T03:38:04+00:00","description":"The Friedewald equation is used to calculate LDL cholesterol and VLDL levels in a lipoprotein estimation test (lipid profile).","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/friedewald-equation-for-calculating-vldl-and-ldl\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/friedewald-equation-for-calculating-vldl-and-ldl\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/friedewald-equation-for-calculating-vldl-and-ldl\/#primaryimage","url":"","contentUrl":""},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/friedewald-equation-for-calculating-vldl-and-ldl\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Friedewald equation for calculating VLDL and LDL"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/#website","url":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/","name":"All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/#\/schema\/person\/5441d907049b914770f4bd98fb57feec"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":["Person","Organization"],"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/#\/schema\/person\/5441d907049b914770f4bd98fb57feec","name":"Johnson Francis","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/80861b82c3f559be9e413245c5643b6c483c93495507facfe32cf96ccd8bcffd?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/80861b82c3f559be9e413245c5643b6c483c93495507facfe32cf96ccd8bcffd?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/80861b82c3f559be9e413245c5643b6c483c93495507facfe32cf96ccd8bcffd?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Johnson Francis"},"logo":{"@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/80861b82c3f559be9e413245c5643b6c483c93495507facfe32cf96ccd8bcffd?s=96&d=mm&r=g"},"description":"Former Professor of Cardiology, Calicut Govt. Medical Kozhikode, Kerala, India. Editor-in-Chief, BMH Medical Journal","url":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/author\/jf\/"}]}},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4418","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4418"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4418\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4418"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4418"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4418"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}