{"id":47642,"date":"2021-07-31T06:14:51","date_gmt":"2021-07-31T00:44:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/?p=47642"},"modified":"2022-04-27T19:42:22","modified_gmt":"2022-04-27T14:12:22","slug":"classification-of-tapvc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/classification-of-tapvc\/","title":{"rendered":"Classification of TAPVC"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/1sGnq_K6mA0\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Classification of TAPVC<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) has been classified into four types by Craig JM, Darling RC and Rothney WB in 1957 [1]. It is popularly known as Darling classification. According to this classification, TAPVC is divided into four types based on the anatomic site of the anomalous connection. Type 1 is a supracardiac, type 2 is an intracardiac, type 3 is infracardiac and type 4 a mixed variety. This is the most commonly used classification.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_53532\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-53532\" style=\"width: 984px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-53532\" src=\"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Supracardiac-TAPVC-Type-I.jpg\" alt=\"Supracardiac TAPVC (Type I)\" width=\"984\" height=\"769\" srcset=\"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Supracardiac-TAPVC-Type-I.jpg 984w, https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Supracardiac-TAPVC-Type-I-300x234.jpg 300w, https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Supracardiac-TAPVC-Type-I-768x600.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 984px) 100vw, 984px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-53532\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Supracardiac TAPVC (Type I)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In the supracardiac variety, the four pulmonary veins drain into a common venous chamber which drains to the left brachiocephalic vein through a vertical vein. In type 2, the pulmonary veins drain to the coronary sinus or directly into the right atrium.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_53533\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-53533\" style=\"width: 992px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-53533\" src=\"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Intracardiac-TAPVC-Type-II.jpg\" alt=\"Intracardiac TAPVC (Type II)\" width=\"992\" height=\"770\" srcset=\"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Intracardiac-TAPVC-Type-II.jpg 992w, https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Intracardiac-TAPVC-Type-II-300x233.jpg 300w, https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Intracardiac-TAPVC-Type-II-768x596.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 992px) 100vw, 992px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-53533\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Intracardiac TAPVC (Type II)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In type 3, the pulmonary veins connect to a vertical vein which drains below the diaphragm, either into the portal vein or its branches.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_53534\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-53534\" style=\"width: 981px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-53534\" src=\"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Infracardiac-TAPVC-Type-III.jpg\" alt=\"Infracardiac TAPVC (Type III)\" width=\"981\" height=\"770\" srcset=\"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Infracardiac-TAPVC-Type-III.jpg 981w, https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Infracardiac-TAPVC-Type-III-300x235.jpg 300w, https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Infracardiac-TAPVC-Type-III-768x603.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 981px) 100vw, 981px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-53534\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Infracardiac TAPVC (Type III)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Type 4 or mixed type is usually a combination of types 1 and 3 [2]. The commonest variety is the supracardiac or type 1, which constitutes about half the number of cases. Types 2 and 3 are almost equally seen in about one fifth of cases and type 4 in about one tenth of the cases.<\/p>\n<p>Another simple classification has been proposed by Smith B et al, which simply divides TAPVC into 2 groups [3]. They are supradiaphragmatic without pulmonary venous obstruction and infradiaphragmatic with pulmonary venous obstruction [2].<\/p>\n<p>Several other classifications have been published like a detailed classification by Herlong JR et al [4] and a classification of the mixed type by Chowdhury UK et al [5].<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>References<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Craig JM, Darling RC, Rothney WB. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/13386206\/\">Total pulmonary venous drainage into the right side of the heart; report of 17 autopsied cases not associated with other major cardiovascular anomalies<\/a>. Lab Invest. 1957 Jan-Feb;6(1):44-64.<\/li>\n<li>Kao CC, Hsieh CC, Cheng PJ, Chiang CH, Huang SY. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30065477\/\">Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection: From Embryology to a Prenatal Ultrasound Diagnostic Update<\/a>. J Med Ultrasound. 2017 Jul-Sep;25(3):130-137.<\/li>\n<li>Smith B, Frye TR, Newton WA Jr. <a href=\"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamapediatrics\/article-abstract\/499724\">Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return:\u00a0Diagnostic Criteria and A New Classification.<\/a> Am J Dis Child 1961;101(1):41-51.<\/li>\n<li>Herlong JR, Jaggers JJ, Ungerleider RM. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/10798417\/\">Congenital Heart Surgery Nomenclature and Database Project: pulmonary venous anomalies<\/a>. Ann Thorac Surg. 2000 Apr;69(4 Suppl):S56-69.<\/li>\n<li>Chowdhury UK, Malhotra A, Kothari SS, Reddy SK, Mishra AK, Pradeep KK, Venugopal P. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/17588283\/\">A suggested new surgical classification for mixed totally anomalous pulmonary venous connection<\/a>. Cardiol Young. 2007 Aug;17(4):342-53.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Classification of TAPVC Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) has been classified into four types by Craig JM, Darling RC and Rothney WB in 1957 [1]. It is popularly known as Darling classification. According to this classification, TAPVC is divided into four types based on the anatomic site of the anomalous connection. Type 1 is [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":47649,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-47642","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cardiology"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Classification of TAPVC - All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/classification-of-tapvc\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Classification of TAPVC - All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Classification of TAPVC Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) has been classified into four types by Craig JM, Darling RC and Rothney WB in 1957 [1]. 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