{"id":64705,"date":"2025-09-13T12:56:18","date_gmt":"2025-09-13T07:26:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/?p=64705"},"modified":"2025-09-13T12:56:25","modified_gmt":"2025-09-13T07:26:25","slug":"what-are-the-types-of-secondary-mitral-regurgitation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/what-are-the-types-of-secondary-mitral-regurgitation\/","title":{"rendered":"What are the types of secondary mitral regurgitation?"},"content":{"rendered":"<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/9Ui4VEKjAtI?si=ql3jFMjMOxDqalZi\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Secondary mitral regurgitation is mitral regurgitation in the absence of significant structural abnormalities of the mitral valve. It can be divided into ventricular secondary mitral regurgitation and atrial secondary mitral regurgitation. Ventricular secondary MR is typically seen in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Dilatation of the left ventricle and displacement of the papillary muscle cause this form of secondary MR [1]. Atrial secondary MR is often an association of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Reason for MR is left atrial dilatation and enlargement of the mitral annulus. It may coexist with atrial fibrillation [2].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Assessment of severity of secondary MR may take into consideration the effective regurgitant orifice area, regurgitant volume, regurgitant fraction, width of vena contracta on the ventricular side of mitral valve [3] and even pulmonary venous flow. Severe secondary MR will have effective regurgitant orifice area more than 0.40 cm<sup>2<\/sup>, regurgitant volume more than or equal to 60mL and regurgitant fraction more than or equal to 50%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Among 1079 patients in the HELP-HF registry [4], 41.1% had moderate MR and 19.2% had severe MR. Patients with severe MR were most likely to be in hospital, present with cardiogenic shock and with need for intravenous loop diuretics, inotropes or vasopressors. They may have lower left ventricular ejection fraction and higher levels of natriuretic peptides. Severe MR was independently associated with increased cardiovascular death and recurrent heart failure hospitalizations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Reference<\/strong>s<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\">Riccardi M, Pagnesi M, Lombardi CM, Anker SD, Maisano F, Butler J, Adamo M, Stone GW, Metra M. Moderate Secondary Mitral Regurgitation: Evolving Evidence and Management Strategies. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2025 Sep 16;86(11):813-828. doi: 10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.07.019. PMID: 40930619.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">Deferm S, Bertrand PB, Verbrugge FH, Verhaert D, Rega F, Thomas JD, Vandervoort PM. Atrial Functional Mitral Regurgitation: JACC Review Topic of the Week. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019 May 21;73(19):2465-2476. doi: 10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.02.061. PMID: 31097168.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">Lancellotti P, Pibarot P, Chambers J, La Canna G, Pepi M, Dulgheru R, Dweck M, Delgado V, Garbi M, Vannan MA, Montaigne D, Badano L, Maurovich-Horvat P, Pontone G, Vahanian A, Donal E, Cosyns B; Scientific Document Committee of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Multi-modality imaging assessment of native valvular regurgitation: an EACVI and ESC council of valvular heart disease position paper. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2022 Apr 18;23(5):e171-e232. doi: 10.1093\/ehjci\/jeab253. PMID: 35292799.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\">Pagnesi M, Cal\u00ec F, Chiarito M, Stolfo D, Baldetti L, Lombardi CM, Tomasoni D, Loiacono F, Maccallini M, Villaschi A, Cocianni D, Perotto M, Voors AA, Pini D, Metra M, Adamo M; HELP-HF Registry investigators. Prognostic role of mitral regurgitation in patients with advanced heart failure. Eur J Intern Med. 2024 Apr;122:102-108. doi: 10.1016\/j.ejim.2023.11.002. Epub 2023 Nov 18. PMID: 37980233.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Secondary mitral regurgitation is mitral regurgitation in the absence of significant structural abnormalities of the mitral valve. It can be divided into ventricular secondary mitral regurgitation and atrial secondary mitral regurgitation. Ventricular secondary MR is typically seen in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Dilatation of the left ventricle and displacement of the papillary muscle [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":64707,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-64705","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What are the types of secondary mitral regurgitation? - All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/what-are-the-types-of-secondary-mitral-regurgitation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What are the types of secondary mitral regurgitation? - All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Secondary mitral regurgitation is mitral regurgitation in the absence of significant structural abnormalities of the mitral valve. It can be divided into ventricular secondary mitral regurgitation and atrial secondary mitral regurgitation. Ventricular secondary MR is typically seen in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. 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