{"id":66723,"date":"2026-04-22T06:46:24","date_gmt":"2026-04-22T01:16:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/?p=66723"},"modified":"2026-04-22T06:46:26","modified_gmt":"2026-04-22T01:16:26","slug":"cardiac-ct-radiation-risk-reduction-modern-advances","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/cardiac-ct-radiation-risk-reduction-modern-advances\/","title":{"rendered":"Cardiac CT Radiation Risk Reduction: Modern Advances"},"content":{"rendered":"<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/36oaCepBlpI?si=nsDUAjfzDNC_BPaq\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Concerns about radiation exposure in cardiac CT angiography (CCTA) are valid, but the landscape has shifted dramatically in recent years. The &#8220;standard&#8221; <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8789964\/\" type=\"link\" id=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8789964\/\">dose has plummeted<\/a> thanks to better hardware and smarter algorithms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. The &#8220;Dose Revolution&#8221;: Then vs. Now<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-rc_4a96e7e3ee7bfed0-20\" class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A decade ago, CCTA was often criticized for doses ranging from <strong>15\u201325 mSv<\/strong>.<sup><\/sup> Today, in high-volume centers using modern protocols, the median effective dose has dropped by nearly <strong>80%<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Routine Scans:<\/strong> Now typically range between <strong>3\u20135 mSv<\/strong> (comparable to or lower than the natural background radiation exposure for a year, which is about 3 mSv).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Ultra-Low-Dose Protocols:<\/strong> In many academic and advanced clinical settings, scans are frequently performed at <strong>sub-millisievert (&lt; 1 mSv)<\/strong> levels\u2014similar to a standard mammogram or a series of chest X-rays.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Key Modern Dose-Reduction Techniques<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The reduction isn&#8217;t just luck; it\u2019s the result of several synergistic technologies:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Prospective ECG-Gating:<\/strong> Unlike retrospective gating (which keeps the beam on throughout the cardiac cycle), prospective gating only triggers the X-ray during a specific window (usually mid-diastole). This alone can reduce dose by <strong>60\u201380%<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>High-Pitch Helical Scanning:<\/strong> For patients with stable, low heart rates, the scanner can cover the entire heart in a fraction of a second during a single heartbeat, drastically lowering exposure.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Low Tube Voltage (kVp):<\/strong> Reducing voltage from 120 kVp to <strong>80 or 100 kVp<\/strong> (especially in patients with a BMI &lt; 30) significantly reduces dose while actually <em>increasing<\/em> the contrast-to-noise ratio of iodinated contrast.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>AI &amp; Iterative Reconstruction (IR):<\/strong> Deep-learning-based reconstruction algorithms (DLR) can now &#8220;clean up&#8221; noisy images from low-dose scans, allowing for diagnostic quality at levels that would have been uninterpretable five years ago.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Risk Contextualization<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While &#8220;stochastic risk&#8221; (the probability of induced cancer) is the primary concern, it must be weighed against the diagnostic benefit and alternative risks:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Comparison to Invasive Angiography:<\/strong> CCTA is non-invasive, avoiding the <strong>0.1% risk<\/strong> of major complications (stroke, MI, or vascular injury) associated with catheterization.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Comparison to Nuclear Stress Tests:<\/strong> Traditional SPECT scans often carry a higher radiation burden (<strong>8\u201312 mSv<\/strong>) than modern CCTA.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Real-World Risk:<\/strong> Statistical models suggest the lifetime attributable risk (LAR) of a fatal malignancy from a single 5 mSv CCTA is roughly <strong>1 in 2,000 to 1 in 5,000<\/strong>, which is significantly lower than the risk of missing significant left main or multivessel disease.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Factors That Increase Dose<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is worth noting that certain clinical factors still necessitate higher doses to maintain image quality:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\"><strong>High or Irregular Heart Rates:<\/strong> May require retrospective gating to &#8220;capture&#8221; a clear window.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>High BMI:<\/strong> Requires higher tube current to penetrate tissue, though AI-assisted reconstruction is mitigating this.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Lack of Sinus Rhythm:<\/strong> Atrial fibrillation remains a challenge for low-dose prospective triggering.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Concerns about radiation exposure in cardiac CT angiography (CCTA) are valid, but the landscape has shifted dramatically in recent years. The &#8220;standard&#8221; dose has plummeted thanks to better hardware and smarter algorithms. 1. The &#8220;Dose Revolution&#8221;: Then vs. Now A decade ago, CCTA was often criticized for doses ranging from 15\u201325 mSv. Today, in high-volume [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":66725,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-66723","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Cardiac CT Radiation Risk Reduction: Modern Advances - All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/cardiac-ct-radiation-risk-reduction-modern-advances\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cardiac CT Radiation Risk Reduction: Modern Advances - All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Concerns about radiation exposure in cardiac CT angiography (CCTA) are valid, but the landscape has shifted dramatically in recent years. The &#8220;standard&#8221; dose has plummeted thanks to better hardware and smarter algorithms. 1. The &#8220;Dose Revolution&#8221;: Then vs. Now A decade ago, CCTA was often criticized for doses ranging from 15\u201325 mSv. Today, in high-volume [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/cardiac-ct-radiation-risk-reduction-modern-advances\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-04-22T01:16:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-04-22T01:16:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Cardiac-CT-Radiation-Risk-Reduction-Modern-Advances.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1208\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"675\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Johnson Francis\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Johnson Francis\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/cardiac-ct-radiation-risk-reduction-modern-advances\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/cardiac-ct-radiation-risk-reduction-modern-advances\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Johnson Francis\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/5441d907049b914770f4bd98fb57feec\"},\"headline\":\"Cardiac CT Radiation Risk Reduction: Modern Advances\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-04-22T01:16:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-04-22T01:16:26+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/cardiac-ct-radiation-risk-reduction-modern-advances\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":432,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/5441d907049b914770f4bd98fb57feec\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/cardiac-ct-radiation-risk-reduction-modern-advances\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/Cardiac-CT-Radiation-Risk-Reduction-Modern-Advances.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"General Cardiology\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/cardiac-ct-radiation-risk-reduction-modern-advances\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/cardiac-ct-radiation-risk-reduction-modern-advances\\\/\",\"name\":\"Cardiac CT Radiation Risk Reduction: Modern Advances - All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/cardiac-ct-radiation-risk-reduction-modern-advances\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/cardiac-ct-radiation-risk-reduction-modern-advances\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/Cardiac-CT-Radiation-Risk-Reduction-Modern-Advances.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-04-22T01:16:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-04-22T01:16:26+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/cardiac-ct-radiation-risk-reduction-modern-advances\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/cardiac-ct-radiation-risk-reduction-modern-advances\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/cardiac-ct-radiation-risk-reduction-modern-advances\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/Cardiac-CT-Radiation-Risk-Reduction-Modern-Advances.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/Cardiac-CT-Radiation-Risk-Reduction-Modern-Advances.jpg\",\"width\":1208,\"height\":675},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/cardiac-ct-radiation-risk-reduction-modern-advances\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Cardiac CT Radiation Risk Reduction: Modern Advances\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/\",\"name\":\"All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/5441d907049b914770f4bd98fb57feec\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":[\"Person\",\"Organization\"],\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/5441d907049b914770f4bd98fb57feec\",\"name\":\"Johnson Francis\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/80861b82c3f559be9e413245c5643b6c483c93495507facfe32cf96ccd8bcffd?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/80861b82c3f559be9e413245c5643b6c483c93495507facfe32cf96ccd8bcffd?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/80861b82c3f559be9e413245c5643b6c483c93495507facfe32cf96ccd8bcffd?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Johnson Francis\"},\"logo\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/80861b82c3f559be9e413245c5643b6c483c93495507facfe32cf96ccd8bcffd?s=96&d=mm&r=g\"},\"description\":\"Former Professor of Cardiology, Calicut Govt. Medical Kozhikode, Kerala, India. Editor-in-Chief, BMH Medical Journal\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/author\\\/jf\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Cardiac CT Radiation Risk Reduction: Modern Advances - All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/cardiac-ct-radiation-risk-reduction-modern-advances\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Cardiac CT Radiation Risk Reduction: Modern Advances - All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders","og_description":"Concerns about radiation exposure in cardiac CT angiography (CCTA) are valid, but the landscape has shifted dramatically in recent years. The &#8220;standard&#8221; dose has plummeted thanks to better hardware and smarter algorithms. 1. The &#8220;Dose Revolution&#8221;: Then vs. Now A decade ago, CCTA was often criticized for doses ranging from 15\u201325 mSv. Today, in high-volume [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/cardiac-ct-radiation-risk-reduction-modern-advances\/","og_site_name":"All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders","article_published_time":"2026-04-22T01:16:24+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-04-22T01:16:26+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1208,"height":675,"url":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Cardiac-CT-Radiation-Risk-Reduction-Modern-Advances.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Johnson Francis","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Johnson Francis","Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/cardiac-ct-radiation-risk-reduction-modern-advances\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/cardiac-ct-radiation-risk-reduction-modern-advances\/"},"author":{"name":"Johnson Francis","@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/#\/schema\/person\/5441d907049b914770f4bd98fb57feec"},"headline":"Cardiac CT Radiation Risk Reduction: Modern Advances","datePublished":"2026-04-22T01:16:24+00:00","dateModified":"2026-04-22T01:16:26+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/cardiac-ct-radiation-risk-reduction-modern-advances\/"},"wordCount":432,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/#\/schema\/person\/5441d907049b914770f4bd98fb57feec"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/cardiac-ct-radiation-risk-reduction-modern-advances\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Cardiac-CT-Radiation-Risk-Reduction-Modern-Advances.jpg","articleSection":["General Cardiology"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/cardiac-ct-radiation-risk-reduction-modern-advances\/","url":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/cardiac-ct-radiation-risk-reduction-modern-advances\/","name":"Cardiac CT Radiation Risk Reduction: Modern Advances - All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/cardiac-ct-radiation-risk-reduction-modern-advances\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/cardiac-ct-radiation-risk-reduction-modern-advances\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Cardiac-CT-Radiation-Risk-Reduction-Modern-Advances.jpg","datePublished":"2026-04-22T01:16:24+00:00","dateModified":"2026-04-22T01:16:26+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/cardiac-ct-radiation-risk-reduction-modern-advances\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/cardiac-ct-radiation-risk-reduction-modern-advances\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/cardiac-ct-radiation-risk-reduction-modern-advances\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Cardiac-CT-Radiation-Risk-Reduction-Modern-Advances.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Cardiac-CT-Radiation-Risk-Reduction-Modern-Advances.jpg","width":1208,"height":675},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/cardiac-ct-radiation-risk-reduction-modern-advances\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Cardiac CT Radiation Risk Reduction: Modern Advances"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/#website","url":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/","name":"All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/#\/schema\/person\/5441d907049b914770f4bd98fb57feec"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":["Person","Organization"],"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/#\/schema\/person\/5441d907049b914770f4bd98fb57feec","name":"Johnson Francis","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/80861b82c3f559be9e413245c5643b6c483c93495507facfe32cf96ccd8bcffd?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/80861b82c3f559be9e413245c5643b6c483c93495507facfe32cf96ccd8bcffd?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/80861b82c3f559be9e413245c5643b6c483c93495507facfe32cf96ccd8bcffd?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Johnson Francis"},"logo":{"@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/80861b82c3f559be9e413245c5643b6c483c93495507facfe32cf96ccd8bcffd?s=96&d=mm&r=g"},"description":"Former Professor of Cardiology, Calicut Govt. Medical Kozhikode, Kerala, India. Editor-in-Chief, BMH Medical Journal","url":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/author\/jf\/"}]}},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66723","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=66723"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66723\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":66726,"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66723\/revisions\/66726"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/66725"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=66723"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=66723"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=66723"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}