{"id":66938,"date":"2026-05-11T12:06:30","date_gmt":"2026-05-11T06:36:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/?p=66938"},"modified":"2026-05-11T12:06:30","modified_gmt":"2026-05-11T06:36:30","slug":"diagnostic-evaluation-of-syncope","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/diagnostic-evaluation-of-syncope\/","title":{"rendered":"Diagnostic Evaluation of Syncope"},"content":{"rendered":"<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/nC5FhlWB_g4?si=7Efkj6aczrbO0a0X\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The diagnostic evaluation of syncope has transitioned from a fragmented, test-heavy approach to a standardized, risk-stratified pathway. Current guidelines emphasize that the initial assessment can provide a definitive diagnosis in approximately half of patients.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. Initial Evaluation<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The primary goal is to differentiate true syncope from mimics (e.g., seizures, psychogenic pseudosyncope) and to identify life-threatening cardiac causes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Comprehensive History:<\/strong> Focus on prodromal symptoms (diaphoresis, nausea), triggers (standing, pain, micturition), and family history of sudden cardiac death.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\"><em>Observation:<\/em> Absence of a prodrome strongly suggests a <strong>cardiac arrhythmia<\/strong> or high-degree AV block.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Physical Examination:<\/strong> Must include <strong>orthostatic blood pressure<\/strong> measurements (supine and 3-minute standing). Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is defined as a drop in systolic BP \u2265 20 mmHg or diastolic BP \u2265 10 mmHg.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>12-Lead Electrocardiogram (ECG):<\/strong> Although diagnostic in only ~5% of cases, it is critical for identifying &#8220;red flags&#8221; such as bifascicular block, Brugada pattern, long QT, or pre-excitation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. Risk Stratification and Biomarkers<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Patients are categorized into high, intermediate, or low risk to determine the necessity of hospitalization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\"><strong>High-Risk Criteria:<\/strong> Known structural heart disease, heart failure, syncope during exertion, or abnormal ECG findings.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Cardiac Biomarkers:<\/strong> High-sensitivity <strong>troponin<\/strong>, <strong>NT-proBNP<\/strong> and <strong>D-dimer<\/strong> are increasingly utilized for triage. Elevated levels are associated with worse outcomes and higher likelihood of a cardiac etiology, particularly in patients with suspected pulmonary embolism or occult myocardial injury.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>Risk Scores:<\/strong> Tools like the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC5008955\/\" type=\"link\" id=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC5008955\/\">Canadian Syncope Risk Score<\/a><\/strong> help standardize decisions in the emergency department, though clinical judgment remains paramount.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. Specialized Diagnostic Testing<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When the initial evaluation is inconclusive, further testing is dictated by the suspected mechanism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>Test<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Indication<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Diagnostic Yield \/ Criteria<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Carotid Sinus Massage (CSM)<\/strong><\/td><td>Patients &gt;40 years with unexplained syncope.<\/td><td>Positive if asystole >3s or BP drop >50 mmHg with symptoms.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Head-Up Tilt (HUT) Test<\/strong><\/td><td>Suspected reflex syncope or delayed orthostasis.<\/td><td>Identifies vasovagal, dysautonomic, or psychogenic responses.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Prolonged ECG Monitoring<\/strong><\/td><td>Suspected intermittent arrhythmia.<\/td><td><strong>Implantable Loop Recorders (ILR)<\/strong> are superior for rare events (yield up to 35%) compared to 24-h Holter.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Echocardiography<\/strong><\/td><td>Suspected structural heart disease.<\/td><td>Essential if murmurs, history of MI, or heart failure are present.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. Emerging Technologies<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Recent research has introduced more precise physiological monitoring and predictive modeling:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/neurology\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2026.1780645\/full\" type=\"link\" id=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/neurology\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2026.1780645\/full\">TCD-HUT Integration<\/a>:<\/strong> Combining <a href=\"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/tcd-hut-syncope-diagnosis-and-research\/\" type=\"link\" id=\"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/tcd-hut-syncope-diagnosis-and-research\/\"><strong>Transcranial Doppler (TCD)<\/strong> with the tilt test<\/a> allows for the detection of &#8220;paradoxical cerebral vasoconstriction.&#8221; Studies indicate that cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) can drop <strong>28 seconds before<\/strong> systemic blood pressure falls, identifying a &#8220;cerebral autoregulation-dominant&#8221; subtype of vasovagal syncope.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>AI and Wearables:<\/strong> Artificial intelligence algorithms using <strong>smartwatch PPG-derived heart rate variability (HRV)<\/strong> have shown high accuracy in predicting the onset of vasovagal episodes during orthostatic stress, potentially offering a tool for outpatient monitoring.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"\"><strong>ICEB Marker:<\/strong> The <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC13035505\/\" type=\"link\" id=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC13035505\/\">Index of Cardiac Electrophysiological Balance (QT\/QRS)<\/a><\/strong> is being investigated as a baseline ECG marker for autonomic dysfunction in patients with recurrent reflex syncope.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>References<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Brignole, M., Moya, A., de Lange, F. J., Deharo, J.-C., Elliott, P. M., Fanciulli, A., Fedorowski, A., Furlan, R., Kenny, R. A., Mart\u00edn, A., Probst, V., Reed, M. J., Rice, C. P., Sutton, R., Ungar, A., &amp; van Dijk, J. G. (2018). 2018 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope. <em>European Heart Journal<\/em>, <em>39<\/em>(21), 1883\u20131948. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/eurheartj\/article\/39\/21\/1883\/4939241\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy037<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kanduri, A. S., et al. (2026). An Integrated Clinical and Biomarker Model Using Penalized Regression to Predict In-Hospital Mortality in Acute Pulmonary Embolism. <em>Diagnostics<\/em>, <em>16<\/em>(2), 112. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC12897663\/\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC12897663\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kim, H., et al. (2026). Prediction of vasovagal syncope using artificial intelligence-enabled smartwatch photoplethysmography-derived heart rate variability. <em>European Heart Journal &#8211; Digital Health<\/em>, <em>7<\/em>(4), ztag053. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ehjdh\/article\/7\/4\/ztag053\/8586837\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ehjdh\/ztag053<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Long, B., &amp; Koyfman, A. (2023). Syncope: Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis. <em>American Family Physician<\/em>, <em>108<\/em>(5). <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aafp.org\/pubs\/afp\/issues\/2023\/1100\/syncope.html\">https:\/\/www.aafp.org\/pubs\/afp\/issues\/2023\/1100\/syncope.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Shen, W. K., Sheldon, R. S., Benditt, D. G., Cohen, M. I., Forman, D. E., Goldberger, Z. D., Grubb, B. P., Hamdan, M. H., Krahn, A. D., Link, M. S., Olshansky, B., Raj, S. R., Sandhu, R. K., Sorajja, D., Sun, B. C., &amp; Yancy, C. W. (2017). 2017 ACC\/AHA\/HRS Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Patients With Syncope. <em>Circulation<\/em>, <em>136<\/em>(5), e60\u2013e122. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/cir.0000000000000499\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000499<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">StatPearls Publishing. (2025). Syncope. <em>StatPearls [Internet]<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK442006\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK442006\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wang, X., et al. (2026). Cardiocerebral hemodynamic characteristics of vasovagal syncope associated with cerebral autoregulation impairment. <em>Frontiers in Neurology<\/em>, <em>17<\/em>, 1780645. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/neurology\/articles\/10.3389\/fneur.2026.1780645\/full\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2026.1780645<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zuo, W., et al. (2026). Index of cardiac electrophysiological balance in patients with vasovagal syncope confirmed by head-up tilt test. <em>Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine<\/em>, <em>13<\/em>, 1743842. <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/cardiovascular-medicine\/articles\/10.3389\/fcvm.2026.1743842\/full\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2026.1743842<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The diagnostic evaluation of syncope has transitioned from a fragmented, test-heavy approach to a standardized, risk-stratified pathway. Current guidelines emphasize that the initial assessment can provide a definitive diagnosis in approximately half of patients. 1. Initial Evaluation The primary goal is to differentiate true syncope from mimics (e.g., seizures, psychogenic pseudosyncope) and to identify life-threatening [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":66950,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-66938","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Diagnostic Evaluation of Syncope - All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/diagnostic-evaluation-of-syncope\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Diagnostic Evaluation of Syncope - All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The diagnostic evaluation of syncope has transitioned from a fragmented, test-heavy approach to a standardized, risk-stratified pathway. Current guidelines emphasize that the initial assessment can provide a definitive diagnosis in approximately half of patients. 1. Initial Evaluation The primary goal is to differentiate true syncope from mimics (e.g., seizures, psychogenic pseudosyncope) and to identify life-threatening [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/diagnostic-evaluation-of-syncope\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-05-11T06:36:30+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Diagnostic-Evaluation-of-Syncope.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"677\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Johnson Francis\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Johnson Francis\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/diagnostic-evaluation-of-syncope\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/diagnostic-evaluation-of-syncope\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Johnson Francis\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/5441d907049b914770f4bd98fb57feec\"},\"headline\":\"Diagnostic Evaluation of Syncope\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-05-11T06:36:30+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/diagnostic-evaluation-of-syncope\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":723,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/5441d907049b914770f4bd98fb57feec\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/diagnostic-evaluation-of-syncope\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Diagnostic-Evaluation-of-Syncope.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"General Cardiology\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/diagnostic-evaluation-of-syncope\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/diagnostic-evaluation-of-syncope\\\/\",\"name\":\"Diagnostic Evaluation of Syncope - All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/diagnostic-evaluation-of-syncope\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/diagnostic-evaluation-of-syncope\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Diagnostic-Evaluation-of-Syncope.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-05-11T06:36:30+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/diagnostic-evaluation-of-syncope\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/diagnostic-evaluation-of-syncope\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/diagnostic-evaluation-of-syncope\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Diagnostic-Evaluation-of-Syncope.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Diagnostic-Evaluation-of-Syncope.jpg\",\"width\":1200,\"height\":677},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/diagnostic-evaluation-of-syncope\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Diagnostic Evaluation of Syncope\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/\",\"name\":\"All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/5441d907049b914770f4bd98fb57feec\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":[\"Person\",\"Organization\"],\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/5441d907049b914770f4bd98fb57feec\",\"name\":\"Johnson Francis\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/80861b82c3f559be9e413245c5643b6c483c93495507facfe32cf96ccd8bcffd?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/80861b82c3f559be9e413245c5643b6c483c93495507facfe32cf96ccd8bcffd?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/80861b82c3f559be9e413245c5643b6c483c93495507facfe32cf96ccd8bcffd?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Johnson Francis\"},\"logo\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/80861b82c3f559be9e413245c5643b6c483c93495507facfe32cf96ccd8bcffd?s=96&d=mm&r=g\"},\"description\":\"Former Professor of Cardiology, Calicut Govt. Medical Kozhikode, Kerala, India. Editor-in-Chief, BMH Medical Journal\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/johnsonfrancis.org\\\/professional\\\/author\\\/jf\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Diagnostic Evaluation of Syncope - All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/diagnostic-evaluation-of-syncope\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Diagnostic Evaluation of Syncope - All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders","og_description":"The diagnostic evaluation of syncope has transitioned from a fragmented, test-heavy approach to a standardized, risk-stratified pathway. Current guidelines emphasize that the initial assessment can provide a definitive diagnosis in approximately half of patients. 1. Initial Evaluation The primary goal is to differentiate true syncope from mimics (e.g., seizures, psychogenic pseudosyncope) and to identify life-threatening [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/diagnostic-evaluation-of-syncope\/","og_site_name":"All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders","article_published_time":"2026-05-11T06:36:30+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":677,"url":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Diagnostic-Evaluation-of-Syncope.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Johnson Francis","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Johnson Francis","Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/diagnostic-evaluation-of-syncope\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/diagnostic-evaluation-of-syncope\/"},"author":{"name":"Johnson Francis","@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/#\/schema\/person\/5441d907049b914770f4bd98fb57feec"},"headline":"Diagnostic Evaluation of Syncope","datePublished":"2026-05-11T06:36:30+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/diagnostic-evaluation-of-syncope\/"},"wordCount":723,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/#\/schema\/person\/5441d907049b914770f4bd98fb57feec"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/diagnostic-evaluation-of-syncope\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Diagnostic-Evaluation-of-Syncope.jpg","articleSection":["General Cardiology"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/diagnostic-evaluation-of-syncope\/","url":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/diagnostic-evaluation-of-syncope\/","name":"Diagnostic Evaluation of Syncope - All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/diagnostic-evaluation-of-syncope\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/diagnostic-evaluation-of-syncope\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Diagnostic-Evaluation-of-Syncope.jpg","datePublished":"2026-05-11T06:36:30+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/diagnostic-evaluation-of-syncope\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/diagnostic-evaluation-of-syncope\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/diagnostic-evaluation-of-syncope\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Diagnostic-Evaluation-of-Syncope.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Diagnostic-Evaluation-of-Syncope.jpg","width":1200,"height":677},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/diagnostic-evaluation-of-syncope\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Diagnostic Evaluation of Syncope"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/#website","url":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/","name":"All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/#\/schema\/person\/5441d907049b914770f4bd98fb57feec"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":["Person","Organization"],"@id":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/#\/schema\/person\/5441d907049b914770f4bd98fb57feec","name":"Johnson Francis","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/80861b82c3f559be9e413245c5643b6c483c93495507facfe32cf96ccd8bcffd?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/80861b82c3f559be9e413245c5643b6c483c93495507facfe32cf96ccd8bcffd?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/80861b82c3f559be9e413245c5643b6c483c93495507facfe32cf96ccd8bcffd?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Johnson Francis"},"logo":{"@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/80861b82c3f559be9e413245c5643b6c483c93495507facfe32cf96ccd8bcffd?s=96&d=mm&r=g"},"description":"Former Professor of Cardiology, Calicut Govt. Medical Kozhikode, Kerala, India. Editor-in-Chief, BMH Medical Journal","url":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/author\/jf\/"}]}},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66938","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=66938"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66938\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":66955,"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/66938\/revisions\/66955"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/66950"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=66938"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=66938"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=66938"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}