{"id":67932,"date":"2026-10-22T13:17:18","date_gmt":"2026-10-22T07:47:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/?p=67932"},"modified":"2026-10-22T13:17:23","modified_gmt":"2026-10-22T07:47:23","slug":"new-series-of-interactive-cardiology-mcqs-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/new-series-of-interactive-cardiology-mcqs-3\/","title":{"rendered":"New Series of Interactive Cardiology MCQs 3"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<!-- \n  INSTRUCTIONS FOR WORDPRESS:\n  1. In your WordPress editor (Gutenberg), add a new \"Custom HTML\" block.\n  2. Copy everything from line 1 to the end of this file.\n  3. Paste it into the Custom HTML block.\n  4. Preview or Publish the post to see the interactive MCQs in action.\n-->\n\n<!-- Load Tailwind CSS safely for WordPress -->\n<script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.tailwindcss.com\"><\/script>\n<script>\n  tailwind.config = {\n    corePlugins: {\n      preflight: false, \/\/ Prevents Tailwind from overriding your WP theme's base styles\n    }\n  }\n<\/script>\n\n<div class=\"mcq-widget-container max-w-4xl mx-auto font-sans text-base text-gray-800 relative\">\n\n    <!-- Sticky Scoreboard Header -->\n    <div class=\"sticky top-0 z-50 bg-white border-b-2 border-blue-500 shadow-md rounded-b-xl p-4 mb-8 flex justify-between items-center transition-all duration-300\">\n        <div>\n            <h2 class=\"text-xl font-bold text-gray-900 m-0\">Cardiology Quiz: Part 3<\/h2>\n            <p class=\"text-sm text-gray-500 m-0\" id=\"progress-text\">Answered: 0 \/ 25<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"text-right\">\n            <div class=\"text-3xl font-black text-blue-600 tracking-tight\" id=\"score-display\">0 <span class=\"text-lg text-gray-500 font-normal\">\/ 25<\/span><\/div>\n            <p class=\"text-xs font-semibold text-green-600 uppercase tracking-wider m-0\">Correct<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 1 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-gray-200 rounded-xl shadow-sm p-6 mb-6\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-gray-900 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-gray-100\">\n            1. According to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification, a patient with marked limitation of physical activity who is comfortable only at rest is classified as:\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>A) Class I<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>B) Class II<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span>C) Class III<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>D) Class IV<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-blue-50 border-l-4 border-blue-500 rounded-r-lg shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-blue-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> NYHA Class III indicates marked limitation of physical activity. Less than ordinary activity causes fatigue, palpitation, or dyspnea, but the patient is comfortable at rest. Class IV patients have symptoms at rest.\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 2 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-gray-200 rounded-xl shadow-sm p-6 mb-6\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-gray-900 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-gray-100\">\n            2. Which physiological maneuver typically INCREASES the intensity of the murmur in Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM)?\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span>A) Valsalva maneuver<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>B) Squatting<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>C) Passive leg raise<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>D) Handgrip<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-blue-50 border-l-4 border-blue-500 rounded-r-lg shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-blue-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> The Valsalva maneuver (strain phase) decreases venous return (preload) to the heart. In HOCM, a smaller left ventricular volume worsens the outflow tract obstruction, making the murmur louder.\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 3 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-gray-200 rounded-xl shadow-sm p-6 mb-6\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-gray-900 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-gray-100\">\n            3. Rheumatic heart disease most commonly leads to stenosis of which cardiac valve?\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>A) Aortic valve<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span>B) Mitral valve<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>C) Tricuspid valve<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>D) Pulmonary valve<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-blue-50 border-l-4 border-blue-500 rounded-r-lg shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-blue-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> The mitral valve is overwhelmingly the most frequently involved valve in rheumatic heart disease, almost always presenting later in life as mitral stenosis.\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 4 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-gray-200 rounded-xl shadow-sm p-6 mb-6\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-gray-900 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-gray-100\">\n            4. A visual disturbance described as seeing &#8220;yellow-green halos&#8221; around objects is a classic side effect of toxicity from which medication?\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>A) Amiodarone<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span>B) Digoxin<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>C) Flecainide<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>D) Sildenafil<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-blue-50 border-l-4 border-blue-500 rounded-r-lg shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-blue-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> Xanthopsia (seeing yellow-green halos) is a classic neurological manifestation of digoxin toxicity, alongside nausea, vomiting, and characteristic arrhythmias.\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 5 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-gray-200 rounded-xl shadow-sm p-6 mb-6\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-gray-900 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-gray-100\">\n            5. What is the definitive treatment of choice for a Stanford Type A aortic dissection?\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>A) Strict heart rate control with IV beta-blockers only<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>B) Intravenous thrombolysis<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span>C) Emergent surgical repair<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>D) Endovascular stenting<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-blue-50 border-l-4 border-blue-500 rounded-r-lg shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-blue-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> Stanford Type A dissections involve the ascending aorta and carry a very high risk of rupture or tamponade, requiring emergent open surgical repair. Type B dissections (descending only) can often be managed medically.\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 6 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-gray-200 rounded-xl shadow-sm p-6 mb-6\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-gray-900 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-gray-100\">\n            6. A normal resting Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) used to screen for peripheral artery disease typically falls within which range?\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>A) 0.40 &#8211; 0.70<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>B) 0.70 &#8211; 0.90<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span>C) 0.91 &#8211; 1.30<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>D) 1.50 &#8211; 2.00<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-blue-50 border-l-4 border-blue-500 rounded-r-lg shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-blue-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> A normal ABI is between 0.91 and 1.30. Values below 0.90 indicate peripheral arterial disease (PAD), while values above 1.30 suggest non-compressible, calcified vessels.\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 7 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-gray-200 rounded-xl shadow-sm p-6 mb-6\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-gray-900 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-gray-100\">\n            7. Amiodarone belongs primarily to which class of antiarrhythmic drugs according to the Vaughan Williams classification?\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>A) Class I (Sodium channel blockers)<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>B) Class II (Beta blockers)<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span>C) Class III (Potassium channel blockers)<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>D) Class IV (Calcium channel blockers)<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-blue-50 border-l-4 border-blue-500 rounded-r-lg shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-blue-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> While Amiodarone has characteristics of all four classes, it is primarily categorized as a Class III agent, prolonging phase 3 of the cardiac action potential by blocking potassium channels.\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 8 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-gray-200 rounded-xl shadow-sm p-6 mb-6\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-gray-900 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-gray-100\">\n            8. What is the most common viral etiology of acute myocarditis in North America?\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>A) Epstein-Barr virus<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>B) Adenovirus<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>C) Cytomegalovirus<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span>D) Coxsackievirus B<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-blue-50 border-l-4 border-blue-500 rounded-r-lg shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-blue-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> Coxsackievirus B (an enterovirus) has historically been recognized as the most common viral cause of acute myocarditis, though parvovirus B19 and HHV-6 are also highly prevalent in recent molecular studies.\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 9 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-gray-200 rounded-xl shadow-sm p-6 mb-6\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-gray-900 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-gray-100\">\n            9. Which of the following is considered a MAJOR criterion in the modified Jones Criteria for diagnosing Acute Rheumatic Fever?\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>A) Fever<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span>B) Erythema marginatum<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>C) Prolonged PR interval on ECG<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>D) Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP)<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-blue-50 border-l-4 border-blue-500 rounded-r-lg shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-blue-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> The major criteria (J<O>NES) include Joint involvement (polyarthritis), <O> (Myocarditis\/Carditis), Nodules (subcutaneous), Erythema marginatum, and Sydenham chorea. The others listed are minor criteria.\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 10 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-gray-200 rounded-xl shadow-sm p-6 mb-6\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-gray-900 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-gray-100\">\n            10. Which class of medications is the first-line treatment for preventing coronary vasospasm in Prinzmetal (variant) angina?\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>A) Beta-blockers<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span>B) Calcium channel blockers<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>C) ACE inhibitors<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>D) Antiplatelet agents<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-blue-50 border-l-4 border-blue-500 rounded-r-lg shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-blue-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> Calcium channel blockers (like diltiazem or amlodipine) promote vasodilation and prevent coronary artery spasm. Beta-blockers (especially non-selective ones) are generally avoided as they can exacerbate vasospasm by leaving alpha-receptors unopposed.\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 11 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-gray-200 rounded-xl shadow-sm p-6 mb-6\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-gray-900 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-gray-100\">\n            11. Dressler syndrome is best described as:\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>A) Acute pericarditis occurring 2-3 days post-myocardial infarction<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span>B) Autoimmune fibrinous pericarditis occurring weeks to months post-myocardial infarction<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>C) Papillary muscle rupture post-myocardial infarction<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>D) Left ventricular free wall aneurysm<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-blue-50 border-l-4 border-blue-500 rounded-r-lg shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-blue-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> Dressler syndrome is a delayed, immune-mediated pericarditis that develops 2 to 10 weeks after a myocardial infarction, differentiating it from early peri-infarction pericarditis.\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 12 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-gray-200 rounded-xl shadow-sm p-6 mb-6\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-gray-900 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-gray-100\">\n            12. A harsh, holosystolic murmur heard best at the left lower sternal border is most indicative of which congenital defect?\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>A) Atrial septal defect<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span>B) Ventricular septal defect<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>C) Patent ductus arteriosus<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>D) Coarctation of the aorta<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-blue-50 border-l-4 border-blue-500 rounded-r-lg shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-blue-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> This is the classic description of a VSD murmur. The smaller the defect, the louder and harsher the murmur tends to be due to high turbulence.\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 13 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-gray-200 rounded-xl shadow-sm p-6 mb-6\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-gray-900 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-gray-100\">\n            13. Second-degree AV block, Mobitz Type I (Wenckebach) is characterized on an ECG by:\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>A) Constant, prolonged PR intervals without dropped beats<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span>B) Progressive lengthening of the PR interval until a QRS complex is dropped<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>C) Constant PR intervals with randomly dropped QRS complexes<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>D) Complete dissociation between P waves and QRS complexes<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-blue-50 border-l-4 border-blue-500 rounded-r-lg shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-blue-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> Wenckebach phenomenon exhibits progressive AV node fatigue, seen as a lengthening PR interval on successive beats until the node fails to conduct, resulting in a dropped QRS.\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 14 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-gray-200 rounded-xl shadow-sm p-6 mb-6\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-gray-900 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-gray-100\">\n            14. What is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease diagnosed IN THE NEONATAL PERIOD (at birth)?\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>A) Tetralogy of Fallot<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span>B) Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA)<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>C) Truncus Arteriosus<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>D) Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-blue-50 border-l-4 border-blue-500 rounded-r-lg shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-blue-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> While Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common cyanotic defect overall, TGA is the most common cyanotic lesion presenting in the immediate neonatal period (within the first week of life).\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 15 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-gray-200 rounded-xl shadow-sm p-6 mb-6\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-gray-900 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-gray-100\">\n            15. What is the most severe, life-threatening cardiovascular complication associated with Marfan syndrome?\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>A) Mitral valve prolapse<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span>B) Aortic root dilation and dissection<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>C) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>D) Intracardiac rhabdomyoma<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-blue-50 border-l-4 border-blue-500 rounded-r-lg shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-blue-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> Patients with Marfan syndrome have cystic medial necrosis of the aorta, making aortic root dilation leading to aneurysms and catastrophic dissection the primary cause of premature death.\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 16 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-gray-200 rounded-xl shadow-sm p-6 mb-6\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-gray-900 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-gray-100\">\n            16. The classic symptomatic triad of severe aortic stenosis includes dyspnea, angina, and:\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>A) Hemoptysis<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span>B) Syncope<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>C) Palpitations<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>D) Claudication<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-blue-50 border-l-4 border-blue-500 rounded-r-lg shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-blue-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> The classic presentation of severe symptomatic AS is captured by the acronym SAD: Syncope (especially exertional), Angina, and Dyspnea (heart failure).\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 17 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-gray-200 rounded-xl shadow-sm p-6 mb-6\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-gray-900 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-gray-100\">\n            17. Flecainide and Propafenone are examples of which class of antiarrhythmic agents?\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>A) Class Ia<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>B) Class Ib<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span>C) Class Ic<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>D) Class III<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-blue-50 border-l-4 border-blue-500 rounded-r-lg shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-blue-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> They are Class Ic antiarrhythmics, which strongly block fast sodium channels, significantly slowing phase 0 depolarization. They are contraindicated in patients with structural heart disease.\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 18 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-gray-200 rounded-xl shadow-sm p-6 mb-6\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-gray-900 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-gray-100\">\n            18. What is considered the normal range for Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) on an echocardiogram?\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>A) 35% &#8211; 45%<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>B) 45% &#8211; 55%<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span>C) 55% &#8211; 70%<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>D) 75% &#8211; 90%<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-blue-50 border-l-4 border-blue-500 rounded-r-lg shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-blue-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> A normal resting LVEF is typically between 55% and 70%. Values below 50% generally indicate impaired systolic function.\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 19 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-gray-200 rounded-xl shadow-sm p-6 mb-6\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-gray-900 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-gray-100\">\n            19. Which serum biomarker is highly specific for the diagnosis and prognostic tracking of acute decompensated heart failure?\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>A) Troponin T<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span>B) B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>C) D-Dimer<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>D) C-Reactive Protein (CRP)<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-blue-50 border-l-4 border-blue-500 rounded-r-lg shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-blue-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> BNP (and NT-proBNP) is released by the ventricles in response to volume expansion and pressure overload. It is an excellent marker for heart failure exacerbations.\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 20 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-gray-200 rounded-xl shadow-sm p-6 mb-6\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-gray-900 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-gray-100\">\n            20. What is the pharmacological mechanism of action of Clopidogrel?\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>A) Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1)<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>B) Glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa receptor antagonism<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span>C) P2Y12 ADP receptor antagonism<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>D) Direct thrombin inhibition<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-blue-50 border-l-4 border-blue-500 rounded-r-lg shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-blue-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> Clopidogrel is a thienopyridine prodrug that irreversibly blocks the P2Y12 component of ADP receptors on the platelet surface, preventing platelet aggregation.\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 21 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-gray-200 rounded-xl shadow-sm p-6 mb-6\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-gray-900 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-gray-100\">\n            21. A &#8220;granular sparkling&#8221; appearance of the myocardium on echocardiography with unexplained severe hypertrophy is highly suggestive of:\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span>A) Cardiac amyloidosis<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>B) Acute viral myocarditis<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>C) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>D) Left ventricular non-compaction<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-blue-50 border-l-4 border-blue-500 rounded-r-lg shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-blue-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> The deposition of amyloid proteins between myocardial fibers creates an echogenic, granular &#8220;sparkling&#8221; or speckled texture classic for restrictive cardiomyopathy due to amyloidosis.\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 22 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-gray-200 rounded-xl shadow-sm p-6 mb-6\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-gray-900 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-gray-100\">\n            22. Statins (e.g., Atorvastatin) lower cholesterol primarily by inhibiting which enzyme?\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>A) PCSK9<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>B) Lipoprotein lipase<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span>C) HMG-CoA reductase<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>D) Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1)<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-blue-50 border-l-4 border-blue-500 rounded-r-lg shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-blue-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> Statins are competitive inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis. This leads to upregulation of LDL receptors and increased clearance of LDL from the blood.\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 23 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-gray-200 rounded-xl shadow-sm p-6 mb-6\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-gray-900 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-gray-100\">\n            23. In a patient with rapid atrial fibrillation but NORMAL left ventricular function, which medication class is considered a first-line option for rate control?\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>A) Class Ic antiarrhythmics (Flecainide)<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span>B) Beta-blockers or Non-dihydropyridine CCBs<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>C) Amiodarone<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>D) Digoxin<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-blue-50 border-l-4 border-blue-500 rounded-r-lg shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-blue-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> Beta-blockers (like metoprolol) or non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (like diltiazem) are first-line for rate control. Digoxin is a second-line option, and rhythm control agents (Amiodarone, Flecainide) are not used for pure rate control.\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 24 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-gray-200 rounded-xl shadow-sm p-6 mb-6\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-gray-900 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-gray-100\">\n            24. In the cardiac catheterization lab, the Fick principle is utilized primarily to calculate:\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>A) Ejection fraction<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>B) Coronary flow reserve<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span>C) Cardiac output<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>D) Pulmonary artery wedge pressure<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-blue-50 border-l-4 border-blue-500 rounded-r-lg shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-blue-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> The Fick principle states that blood flow to an organ (Cardiac Output) can be calculated using a marker substance (usually oxygen). CO = Oxygen consumption \/ (Arterial O2 content &#8211; Venous O2 content).\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 25 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-gray-200 rounded-xl shadow-sm p-6 mb-6\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-gray-900 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-gray-100\">\n            25. A wide and &#8220;fixed split&#8221; of the S2 heart sound, independent of the respiratory cycle, is the hallmark auscultatory finding of:\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span>A) Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>B) Pulmonary Hypertension<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>C) Right Bundle Branch Block (RBBB)<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-3 bg-gray-50 border border-gray-200 rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span>D) Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-blue-50 border-l-4 border-blue-500 rounded-r-lg shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-blue-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> In an ASD, the continuous left-to-right shunt delays pulmonic valve closure equally during both inspiration and expiration, causing a fixed, widely split second heart sound.\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- Vanilla JavaScript for Quiz Logic & Scoreboard -->\n<script>\n    document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n        const mcqCards = document.querySelectorAll('.mcq-card');\n        const scoreDisplay = document.getElementById('score-display');\n        const progressText = document.getElementById('progress-text');\n        \n        let score = 0;\n        let answeredCount = 0;\n        const totalQuestions = 25;\n\n        \/\/ SVG Icons\n        const checkIcon = `<svg class=\"w-6 h-6 text-green-600\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" d=\"M5 13l4 4L19 7\"><\/path><\/svg>`;\n        const crossIcon = `<svg class=\"w-6 h-6 text-red-600\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" d=\"M6 18L18 6M6 6l12 12\"><\/path><\/svg>`;\n\n        mcqCards.forEach(card => {\n            const options = card.querySelectorAll('.option-btn');\n            const explanation = card.querySelector('.explanation-container');\n            let hasAnswered = false; 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According to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification, a patient with marked limitation of physical activity who is comfortable only at rest is classified as: A) Class I B) Class II C) Class III D) Class IV Explanation: NYHA Class [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":67933,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-67932","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>New Series of Interactive Cardiology MCQs 3 - All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/new-series-of-interactive-cardiology-mcqs-3\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New Series of Interactive Cardiology MCQs 3 - All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cardiology Quiz: Part 3 Answered: 0 \/ 25 0 \/ 25 Correct 1. 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