{"id":67938,"date":"2026-10-22T16:58:12","date_gmt":"2026-10-22T11:28:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/?p=67938"},"modified":"2026-10-22T16:58:18","modified_gmt":"2026-10-22T11:28:18","slug":"new-series-of-interactive-cardiology-mcqs-5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/new-series-of-interactive-cardiology-mcqs-5\/","title":{"rendered":"New Series of Interactive Cardiology MCQs 5"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<!-- \n  INSTRUCTIONS FOR WORDPRESS:\n  1. In your WordPress editor (Gutenberg), add a new \"Custom HTML\" block.\n  2. Copy everything from line 1 to the end of this file.\n  3. Paste it into the Custom HTML block.\n  4. Preview or Publish the post to see the interactive MCQs in action.\n-->\n\n<!-- Load Tailwind CSS safely for WordPress -->\n<script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.tailwindcss.com\"><\/script>\n<script>\n  tailwind.config = {\n    corePlugins: {\n      preflight: false, \/\/ Prevents Tailwind from overriding your WP theme's base styles\n    }\n  }\n<\/script>\n\n<div class=\"mcq-widget-container max-w-4xl mx-auto font-sans text-base text-gray-800 relative\">\n\n    <!-- Sticky Scoreboard \/ Leaderboard Header -->\n    <div class=\"sticky top-0 z-50 bg-white\/95 backdrop-blur-sm border-b-2 border-indigo-500 shadow-md rounded-b-2xl p-4 mb-8 flex justify-between items-center transition-all duration-300\">\n        <div class=\"flex flex-col\">\n            <h2 class=\"text-xl font-extrabold text-slate-800 m-0 leading-tight\">Cardiology MCQs: Part 5<\/h2>\n            <p class=\"text-sm text-slate-500 m-0 font-medium\" id=\"progress-text\">Answered: 0 \/ 25<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"flex items-center gap-4 bg-slate-50 px-4 py-2 rounded-xl border border-slate-200 shadow-inner\">\n            <div class=\"hidden sm:block\">\n                <p class=\"text-xs font-bold text-slate-400 uppercase tracking-widest m-0 text-right\">Current Score<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"text-right\">\n                <div class=\"text-3xl font-black text-indigo-600 tracking-tighter leading-none\" id=\"score-display\">\n                    0<span class=\"text-lg text-slate-400 font-bold mx-1\">\/<\/span><span class=\"text-xl text-slate-500 font-bold\">25<\/span>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"w-10 h-10 bg-indigo-100 rounded-full flex items-center justify-center\">\n                <svg class=\"w-6 h-6 text-indigo-600\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M9 12l2 2 4-4m6 2a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 1 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-slate-200 rounded-2xl shadow-sm hover:shadow-md transition-shadow p-6 mb-8\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-slate-800 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-slate-100\">\n            1. What is the specific mechanism of action of the heart failure medication Ivabradine?\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">A) Inhibition of the sodium-potassium ATPase pump<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">B) Inhibition of the If (funny) current in the sinoatrial node<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">C) Antagonism of the beta-1 adrenergic receptor<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">D) Activation of soluble guanylate cyclase<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-indigo-50 border-l-4 border-indigo-500 rounded-r-xl shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-indigo-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> Ivabradine specifically binds to and inhibits the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels in the SA node, blocking the If current to lower heart rate without affecting contractility.\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 2 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-slate-200 rounded-2xl shadow-sm hover:shadow-md transition-shadow p-6 mb-8\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-slate-800 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-slate-100\">\n            2. Which of the following is the most common cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy in the developed world?\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">A) Cardiac amyloidosis<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">B) Endomyocardial fibrosis<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">C) Cardiac sarcoidosis<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">D) Hemochromatosis<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-indigo-50 border-l-4 border-indigo-500 rounded-r-xl shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-indigo-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> In the developed world, cardiac amyloidosis (both AL and ATTR types) is the leading cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy. Endomyocardial fibrosis is more common in tropical regions.\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 3 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-slate-200 rounded-2xl shadow-sm hover:shadow-md transition-shadow p-6 mb-8\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-slate-800 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-slate-100\">\n            3. A classic ECG finding associated with severe hypokalemia is:\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">A) Peaked, narrow T waves<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">B) Prominent U waves and ST depression<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">C) Shortened QT interval<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">D) Absent P waves with widened QRS<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-indigo-50 border-l-4 border-indigo-500 rounded-r-xl shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-indigo-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> Hypokalemia typically presents on an ECG with ST segment depression, flattening or inversion of T waves, and prominent U waves (creating an apparent prolonged QT, though it is actually the QU interval).\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 4 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-slate-200 rounded-2xl shadow-sm hover:shadow-md transition-shadow p-6 mb-8\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-slate-800 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-slate-100\">\n            4. Which anomalous coronary artery origin carries the highest risk of sudden cardiac death, particularly in young athletes?\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">A) Left circumflex from the right coronary cusp<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">B) Right coronary artery from the left coronary cusp<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">C) Left main coronary artery from the right coronary cusp<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">D) Left anterior descending from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA)<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-indigo-50 border-l-4 border-indigo-500 rounded-r-xl shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-indigo-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> Anomalous origin of the Left Main (or LAD) from the right coronary cusp with an interarterial course (between the aorta and pulmonary artery) carries the highest risk of compression and sudden death during exertion.\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 5 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-slate-200 rounded-2xl shadow-sm hover:shadow-md transition-shadow p-6 mb-8\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-slate-800 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-slate-100\">\n            5. The physical sign &#8220;Pulsus parvus et tardus&#8221; is most characteristically associated with which valvular lesion?\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">A) Aortic regurgitation<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">B) Aortic stenosis<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">C) Mitral stenosis<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">D) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-indigo-50 border-l-4 border-indigo-500 rounded-r-xl shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-indigo-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> Pulsus parvus (weak, small amplitude) et tardus (delayed peak) is the classic arterial pulse finding in severe, fixed aortic valve stenosis due to delayed and reduced LV emptying.\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 6 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-slate-200 rounded-2xl shadow-sm hover:shadow-md transition-shadow p-6 mb-8\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-slate-800 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-slate-100\">\n            6. The Austin Flint murmur is a mid-to-late diastolic rumble heard at the apex. It is functionally created by which underlying pathology?\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">A) Organic mitral stenosis (rheumatic)<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">B) Severe aortic regurgitation<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">C) Patent ductus arteriosus<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">D) Left atrial myxoma<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-indigo-50 border-l-4 border-indigo-500 rounded-r-xl shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-indigo-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> Severe AR jets can impinge on the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve, prematurely closing it and creating a functional mitral stenosis rumble known as the Austin Flint murmur.\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 7 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-slate-200 rounded-2xl shadow-sm hover:shadow-md transition-shadow p-6 mb-8\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-slate-800 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-slate-100\">\n            7. What echocardiographic parameter is the most sensitive and early predictor for anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity?\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">A) Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">B) E\/A ratio<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">C) Global Longitudinal Strain (GLS)<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">D) Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD)<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-indigo-50 border-l-4 border-indigo-500 rounded-r-xl shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-indigo-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> A relative reduction in GLS of >15% from baseline is an early, highly sensitive marker of subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in patients receiving cardiotoxic chemotherapy, occurring before a drop in LVEF.\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 8 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-slate-200 rounded-2xl shadow-sm hover:shadow-md transition-shadow p-6 mb-8\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-slate-800 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-slate-100\">\n            8. Which class of oral anti-diabetic medications has become a foundational &#8220;4th pillar&#8221; of Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy (GDMT) for HFrEF regardless of diabetes status?\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">A) GLP-1 receptor agonists<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">B) DPP-4 inhibitors<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">C) SGLT2 inhibitors<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">D) Thiazolidinediones<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-indigo-50 border-l-4 border-indigo-500 rounded-r-xl shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-indigo-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> SGLT2 inhibitors (like Dapagliflozin and Empagliflozin) have shown dramatic reductions in cardiovascular mortality and heart failure hospitalizations in HFrEF patients, even in those without diabetes.\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 9 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-slate-200 rounded-2xl shadow-sm hover:shadow-md transition-shadow p-6 mb-8\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-slate-800 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-slate-100\">\n            9. The &#8220;scooped&#8221; ST-segment depression on an ECG (often resembling Salvador Dali&#8217;s mustache) is indicative of:\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">A) Acute myocardial ischemia<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">B) Digoxin effect<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">C) Hypocalcemia<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">D) Pericarditis<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-indigo-50 border-l-4 border-indigo-500 rounded-r-xl shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-indigo-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> This specific morphology is known as &#8220;digoxin effect.&#8221; It indicates that the patient is taking digoxin, but does not necessarily imply digoxin toxicity (which presents with arrhythmias or AV block).\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 10 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-slate-200 rounded-2xl shadow-sm hover:shadow-md transition-shadow p-6 mb-8\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-slate-800 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-slate-100\">\n            10. Congenital complete heart block in a neonate is most strongly associated with maternal antibodies against:\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">A) dsDNA<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">B) Ro (SSA) and La (SSB)<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">C) Antiphospholipid antibodies<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">D) Anti-centromere<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-indigo-50 border-l-4 border-indigo-500 rounded-r-xl shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-indigo-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> Maternal anti-Ro (SSA) and anti-La (SSB) antibodies (associated with SLE or Sj\u00f6gren&#8217;s syndrome) can cross the placenta and destroy the fetal AV node, causing irreversible congenital heart block.\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 11 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-slate-200 rounded-2xl shadow-sm hover:shadow-md transition-shadow p-6 mb-8\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-slate-800 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-slate-100\">\n            11. In a normal Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) tracing, the &#8220;y descent&#8221; corresponds to:\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">A) Atrial contraction<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">B) Bulging of the tricuspid valve into the atrium during RV systole<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">C) Opening of the tricuspid valve and rapid ventricular filling<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">D) Atrial relaxation<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-indigo-50 border-l-4 border-indigo-500 rounded-r-xl shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-indigo-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> The &#8216;y&#8217; descent marks the fall in right atrial pressure as the tricuspid valve opens and blood rapidly empties into the right ventricle during early diastole.\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 12 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-slate-200 rounded-2xl shadow-sm hover:shadow-md transition-shadow p-6 mb-8\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-slate-800 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-slate-100\">\n            12. In cardiac tamponade, which component of the JVP tracing is typically blunted or absent?\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">A) a wave<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">B) x descent<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">C) v wave<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">D) y descent<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-indigo-50 border-l-4 border-indigo-500 rounded-r-xl shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-indigo-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> In cardiac tamponade, early diastolic filling is severely restricted due to external pericardial pressure. This prevents the normal rapid drop in atrial pressure, leading to a blunted or absent &#8216;y&#8217; descent.\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 13 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-slate-200 rounded-2xl shadow-sm hover:shadow-md transition-shadow p-6 mb-8\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-slate-800 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-slate-100\">\n            13. What is the most common cardiac source of systemic emboli (e.g., causing ischemic stroke)?\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">A) Left ventricular apex<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">B) Left atrial appendage<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">C) Aortic valve<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">D) Mitral valve leaflets<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-indigo-50 border-l-4 border-indigo-500 rounded-r-xl shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-indigo-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> In patients with atrial fibrillation (the most common cause of cardioembolic stroke), over 90% of thrombi form in the poorly contractile left atrial appendage.\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 14 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-slate-200 rounded-2xl shadow-sm hover:shadow-md transition-shadow p-6 mb-8\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-slate-800 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-slate-100\">\n            14. Lutembacher syndrome is classically defined by the presence of an Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) in combination with:\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">A) Aortic stenosis<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">B) Mitral stenosis<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">C) Pulmonary stenosis<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">D) Tricuspid regurgitation<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-indigo-50 border-l-4 border-indigo-500 rounded-r-xl shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-indigo-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> Lutembacher syndrome is a rare combination of a congenital ostium secundum ASD and acquired rheumatic mitral stenosis.\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 15 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-slate-200 rounded-2xl shadow-sm hover:shadow-md transition-shadow p-6 mb-8\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-slate-800 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-slate-100\">\n            15. According to guidelines, what calculated aortic valve area defines &#8220;severe&#8221; aortic stenosis?\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">A) < 1.5 cm\u00b2<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">B) < 1.2 cm\u00b2<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">C) \u2264 1.0 cm\u00b2<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">D) \u2264 0.8 cm\u00b2<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-indigo-50 border-l-4 border-indigo-500 rounded-r-xl shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-indigo-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> Severe aortic stenosis is hemodynamically defined as an aortic valve area \u2264 1.0 cm\u00b2, a mean transvalvular gradient \u2265 40 mmHg, or a peak velocity \u2265 4.0 m\/s.\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 16 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-slate-200 rounded-2xl shadow-sm hover:shadow-md transition-shadow p-6 mb-8\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-slate-800 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-slate-100\">\n            16. How is Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) most accurately estimated at rest?\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">A) (Systolic BP + Diastolic BP) \/ 2<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">B) Diastolic BP + 1\/3(Systolic BP &#8211; Diastolic BP)<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">C) Systolic BP + 1\/3(Systolic BP &#8211; Diastolic BP)<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">D) 2 x Diastolic BP + Systolic BP<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-indigo-50 border-l-4 border-indigo-500 rounded-r-xl shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-indigo-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> Because diastole lasts approximately twice as long as systole at rest, MAP is calculated as the Diastolic Pressure plus one-third of the Pulse Pressure (SBP &#8211; DBP).\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 17 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-slate-200 rounded-2xl shadow-sm hover:shadow-md transition-shadow p-6 mb-8\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-slate-800 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-slate-100\">\n            17. Which MRI finding is a hallmark characteristic of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC)?\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">A) Global subendocardial late gadolinium enhancement<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">B) Asymmetric septal hypertrophy<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">C) Fibrofatty replacement of the RV myocardium<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">D) Apical ballooning of the left ventricle<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-indigo-50 border-l-4 border-indigo-500 rounded-r-xl shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-indigo-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> ARVC is characterized pathologically and on MRI by progressive fibrofatty infiltration of the right ventricular free wall, predisposing the patient to fatal ventricular arrhythmias.\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 18 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-slate-200 rounded-2xl shadow-sm hover:shadow-md transition-shadow p-6 mb-8\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-slate-800 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-slate-100\">\n            18. Orthostatic hypotension is clinically defined as a sustained reduction in systolic BP or diastolic BP within 3 minutes of standing by at least:\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">A) 10 mmHg systolic OR 5 mmHg diastolic<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">B) 20 mmHg systolic OR 10 mmHg diastolic<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">C) 30 mmHg systolic OR 15 mmHg diastolic<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">D) 15 mmHg systolic OR 15 mmHg diastolic<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-indigo-50 border-l-4 border-indigo-500 rounded-r-xl shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-indigo-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> The standard definition of orthostatic hypotension is a drop in systolic BP of \u226520 mm Hg or diastolic BP of \u226510 mm Hg within 3 minutes of assuming an upright posture.\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 19 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-slate-200 rounded-2xl shadow-sm hover:shadow-md transition-shadow p-6 mb-8\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-slate-800 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-slate-100\">\n            19. The potent P2Y12 inhibitor Prasugrel is absolutely contraindicated in patients with a history of:\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">A) Gastrointestinal bleeding<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">B) End-stage renal disease<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">C) TIA or Ischemic Stroke<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">D) Asthma or COPD<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-indigo-50 border-l-4 border-indigo-500 rounded-r-xl shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-indigo-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> Due to a significantly increased risk of fatal intracranial hemorrhage, prasugrel is strictly contraindicated in patients with any prior history of TIA or stroke.\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 20 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-slate-200 rounded-2xl shadow-sm hover:shadow-md transition-shadow p-6 mb-8\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-slate-800 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-slate-100\">\n            20. What is the standard pattern of genetic inheritance for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)?\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">A) Autosomal dominant<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">B) Autosomal recessive<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">C) X-linked recessive<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">D) Mitochondrial<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-indigo-50 border-l-4 border-indigo-500 rounded-r-xl shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-indigo-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> HCM is most commonly caused by mutations in sarcomere protein genes (like MYH7 and MYBPC3) and is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 21 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-slate-200 rounded-2xl shadow-sm hover:shadow-md transition-shadow p-6 mb-8\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-slate-800 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-slate-100\">\n            21. In a patient presenting with an inferior STEMI, ST-segment elevation in which specific right-sided ECG lead is highly diagnostic of concomitant Right Ventricular (RV) infarction?\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">A) V1R<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">B) V3R<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">C) V4R<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">D) V6R<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-indigo-50 border-l-4 border-indigo-500 rounded-r-xl shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-indigo-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> ST elevation > 1mm in right-sided lead V4R is the most sensitive and specific ECG sign for right ventricular infarction, guiding therapy (volume loading, avoiding nitrates).\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 22 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-slate-200 rounded-2xl shadow-sm hover:shadow-md transition-shadow p-6 mb-8\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-slate-800 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-slate-100\">\n            22. What is the specific monoclonal antibody fragment used as a rapid reversal agent for the direct thrombin inhibitor Dabigatran?\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">A) Andexanet alfa<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">B) Idarucizumab<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">C) Protamine sulfate<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">D) Prothrombin Complex Concentrate (PCC)<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-indigo-50 border-l-4 border-indigo-500 rounded-r-xl shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-indigo-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> Idarucizumab (Praxbind) binds specifically and irreversibly to dabigatran, rapidly neutralizing its anticoagulant effect in emergency bleeding situations. Andexanet alfa is for factor Xa inhibitors (apixaban, rivaroxaban).\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 23 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-slate-200 rounded-2xl shadow-sm hover:shadow-md transition-shadow p-6 mb-8\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-slate-800 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-slate-100\">\n            23. Which drug is considered first-line medical therapy for symptomatic relief in patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)?\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">A) ACE inhibitors<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">B) Non-vasodilating Beta-blockers<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">C) Digoxin<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">D) Diuretics<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-indigo-50 border-l-4 border-indigo-500 rounded-r-xl shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-indigo-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> Beta-blockers decrease heart rate (prolonging diastole and filling) and reduce myocardial contractility, which decreases the left ventricular outflow tract gradient and relieves angina and dyspnea.\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 24 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-slate-200 rounded-2xl shadow-sm hover:shadow-md transition-shadow p-6 mb-8\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-slate-800 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-slate-100\">\n            24. The presence of a prominent, systolic, harsh murmur that radiates to the carotids, coupled with an absent or diminished second heart sound (S2), suggests:\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">A) Mitral regurgitation<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">B) HOCM<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">C) Severe Aortic Stenosis<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">D) Ventricular septal defect<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-indigo-50 border-l-4 border-indigo-500 rounded-r-xl shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-indigo-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> Radiation to the carotids and an absent or paradoxically split S2 (due to rigid, immobile aortic leaflets) are hallmark physical findings of severe aortic stenosis.\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- MCQ 25 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-white border border-slate-200 rounded-2xl shadow-sm hover:shadow-md transition-shadow p-6 mb-8\">\n        <h3 class=\"text-lg font-bold text-slate-800 mb-4 pb-2 border-b border-slate-100\">\n            25. Carvallo&#8217;s sign is an auscultatory finding characterized by:\n        <\/h3>\n        <div class=\"options-container space-y-3 mb-5\">\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">A) A decrease in mitral regurgitation murmur with inspiration<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"true\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">B) An increase in tricuspid regurgitation murmur with inspiration<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">C) A paradoxical pulse associated with pericardial effusion<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n            <button class=\"option-btn w-full text-left p-4 bg-slate-50 border border-slate-200 rounded-xl hover:bg-slate-100 transition-colors flex justify-between items-center cursor-pointer focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-400\" data-correct=\"false\">\n                <span class=\"font-medium\">D) An opening snap followed by a diastolic rumble<\/span>\n                <span class=\"icon-container w-6 h-6 flex-shrink-0\"><\/span>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"explanation-container hidden mt-4 p-5 bg-indigo-50 border-l-4 border-indigo-500 rounded-r-xl shadow-inner\">\n            <p class=\"text-indigo-900 text-sm leading-relaxed m-0\">\n                <strong>Explanation:<\/strong> Carvallo&#8217;s sign (or Rivero-Carvallo sign) is the amplification of a right-sided heart murmur, notably tricuspid regurgitation, during inspiration due to increased venous return to the right heart.\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- Vanilla JavaScript for Quiz Logic & Scoreboard -->\n<script>\n    document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n        const mcqCards = document.querySelectorAll('.mcq-card');\n        const scoreDisplay = document.getElementById('score-display');\n        const progressText = document.getElementById('progress-text');\n        \n        let score = 0;\n        let answeredCount = 0;\n        const totalQuestions = 25;\n\n        \/\/ SVG Icons\n        const checkIcon = `<svg class=\"w-6 h-6 text-green-600 drop-shadow-sm\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" d=\"M5 13l4 4L19 7\"><\/path><\/svg>`;\n        const crossIcon = `<svg class=\"w-6 h-6 text-red-600 drop-shadow-sm\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2.5\" d=\"M6 18L18 6M6 6l12 12\"><\/path><\/svg>`;\n\n        mcqCards.forEach(card => {\n            const options = card.querySelectorAll('.option-btn');\n            const explanation = card.querySelector('.explanation-container');\n            let hasAnswered = false; 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What is the specific mechanism of action of the heart failure medication Ivabradine? A) Inhibition of the sodium-potassium ATPase pump B) Inhibition of the If (funny) current in the sinoatrial node C) Antagonism of the beta-1 adrenergic receptor D) Activation of soluble guanylate [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":67939,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-67938","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>New Series of Interactive Cardiology MCQs 5 - All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/new-series-of-interactive-cardiology-mcqs-5\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New Series of Interactive Cardiology MCQs 5 - All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cardiology MCQs: Part 5 Answered: 0 \/ 25 Current Score 0\/25 1. What is the specific mechanism of action of the heart failure medication Ivabradine? 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