{"id":67941,"date":"2026-10-23T05:43:26","date_gmt":"2026-10-23T00:13:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/?p=67941"},"modified":"2026-10-23T05:44:10","modified_gmt":"2026-10-23T00:14:10","slug":"new-series-of-interactive-cardiology-mcqs-6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/new-series-of-interactive-cardiology-mcqs-6\/","title":{"rendered":"New Series of Interactive Cardiology MCQs 6"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<!-- \n  INSTRUCTIONS FOR WORDPRESS:\n  1. Add a new \"Custom HTML\" block in your WordPress editor.\n  2. Copy everything from line 1 to the end of this file.\n  3. Paste it into the Custom HTML block.\n  4. Preview or Publish the post to see the interactive MCQs in action.\n-->\n\n<script src=\"https:\/\/cdn.tailwindcss.com\"><\/script>\n<script>\n  tailwind.config = {\n    corePlugins: {\n      preflight: false, \/\/ Safe for WordPress themes\n    }\n  }\n<\/script>\n\n<div class=\"cardio-quiz-wrapper font-sans bg-slate-950 text-slate-200 p-4 md:p-8 rounded-3xl max-w-4xl mx-auto shadow-2xl relative overflow-hidden my-8 border border-cyan-900\/50\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box;\">\n  \n  <!-- Ambient Dark Medical Theme Glows -->\n  <div class=\"absolute top-0 left-0 w-full h-full pointer-events-none opacity-20 bg-[radial-gradient(ellipse_at_top,_var(--tw-gradient-stops))] from-cyan-600 via-slate-900 to-slate-950\"><\/div>\n  \n  <!-- Header Banner -->\n  <div class=\"relative text-center pb-6 border-b border-cyan-900\/50 mb-8\">\n    <div class=\"inline-block bg-gradient-to-r from-cyan-600 to-blue-700 text-white font-black text-xs md:text-sm px-4 py-1.5 rounded-full uppercase tracking-widest shadow-lg mb-4\">\n      Advanced Clinical Series\n    <\/div>\n    <h1 class=\"text-3xl md:text-5xl font-extrabold tracking-tight text-transparent bg-clip-text bg-gradient-to-r from-cyan-400 to-blue-400 m-0\">\n      Cardiology MCQs: Part 6\n    <\/h1>\n    <p class=\"text-sm md:text-base text-slate-400 mt-3 max-w-2xl mx-auto font-medium\">\n      Test your knowledge on advanced cardiovascular pathologies, pharmacology, and ECG findings.\n    <\/p>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <!-- Sticky Live Scoreboard -->\n  <div class=\"sticky top-4 z-40 bg-slate-900\/85 backdrop-blur-xl border border-cyan-800\/60 rounded-2xl p-4 md:p-5 mb-8 shadow-lg shadow-cyan-900\/20 flex flex-wrap items-center justify-between gap-4 transition-all\">\n    <div class=\"flex items-center gap-4\">\n      <div class=\"w-12 h-12 rounded-full bg-cyan-950 flex items-center justify-center border border-cyan-700 shadow-inner text-cyan-400\">\n        <svg class=\"w-6 h-6\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M9 12l2 2 4-4m6 2a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0z\"><\/path><\/svg>\n      <\/div>\n      <div>\n        <div class=\"text-[10px] md:text-xs uppercase font-extrabold tracking-widest text-cyan-500\">Live Score<\/div>\n        <div class=\"text-xl md:text-3xl font-black text-slate-100 flex items-baseline gap-1\">\n          <span id=\"score-correct\">0<\/span>\n          <span class=\"text-slate-500 text-sm md:text-lg font-bold\">\/ 25<\/span>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"flex items-center gap-3 bg-slate-950\/80 px-4 py-2 rounded-xl border border-slate-800\">\n      <span class=\"text-xs font-bold text-slate-400 uppercase tracking-widest hidden sm:inline\">Progress<\/span>\n      <div class=\"w-24 md:w-32 bg-slate-800 h-2.5 rounded-full overflow-hidden\">\n        <div id=\"progress-bar\" class=\"bg-gradient-to-r from-cyan-500 to-blue-500 h-full w-0 transition-all duration-500 rounded-full\"><\/div>\n      <\/div>\n      <span class=\"text-xs font-bold text-cyan-400\"><span id=\"score-answered\">0<\/span>\/25<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n\n  <!-- Quiz Questions Container -->\n  <div class=\"space-y-6 relative\">\n    \n    <!-- QUESTION 1 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-slate-900 border border-slate-800 rounded-2xl p-5 md:p-6 shadow-md transition-all duration-300 hover:border-cyan-800\/50\" data-answered=\"false\">\n      <h3 class=\"text-lg md:text-xl font-bold text-slate-100 mb-5 leading-snug flex gap-3\">\n        <span class=\"text-cyan-500 font-black\">1.<\/span> \n        Most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes?\n      <\/h3>\n      <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-3 mb-2\">\n        <button data-correct=\"true\" data-explanation=\"Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is an autosomal dominant condition and the leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">A) HOCM<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"While ARVC is a significant cause of SCD in athletes (especially in certain regions like Italy), HOCM is overall more common.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">B) Arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Brugada syndrome causes SCD, typically during rest or sleep, not specifically as the leading cause during exertion in young athletes.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">C) Brugada<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Long QT can cause SCD in athletes (e.g., LQT1 during swimming), but it is less common than HOCM.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">D) Long QT<\/button>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"feedback-box hidden p-4 rounded-xl text-sm leading-relaxed mt-4\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- QUESTION 2 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-slate-900 border border-slate-800 rounded-2xl p-5 md:p-6 shadow-md transition-all duration-300 hover:border-cyan-800\/50\" data-answered=\"false\">\n      <h3 class=\"text-lg md:text-xl font-bold text-slate-100 mb-5 leading-snug flex gap-3\">\n        <span class=\"text-cyan-500 font-black\">2.<\/span> \n        ECG finding in hypokalemia:\n      <\/h3>\n      <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-3 mb-2\">\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Peaked T waves are classically seen in hyperkalemia, not hypokalemia.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">A) Peaked T waves<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"true\" data-explanation=\"Prominent U waves, along with ST depression and flat\/inverted T waves, are classic ECG hallmarks of hypokalemia.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">B) U waves<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"J waves (Osborn waves) are associated with severe hypothermia.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">C) J waves<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Delta waves are the slurred upstroke of the QRS complex seen in Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">D) Delta waves<\/button>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"feedback-box hidden p-4 rounded-xl text-sm leading-relaxed mt-4\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- QUESTION 3 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-slate-900 border border-slate-800 rounded-2xl p-5 md:p-6 shadow-md transition-all duration-300 hover:border-cyan-800\/50\" data-answered=\"false\">\n      <h3 class=\"text-lg md:text-xl font-bold text-slate-100 mb-5 leading-snug flex gap-3\">\n        <span class=\"text-cyan-500 font-black\">3.<\/span> \n        Ticagrelor mechanism of action:\n      <\/h3>\n      <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-3 mb-2\">\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Clopidogrel and Prasugrel are irreversible thienopyridine P2Y12 inhibitors.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">A) Irreversible P2Y12<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"true\" data-explanation=\"Ticagrelor is a reversible, non-thienopyridine P2Y12 receptor antagonist, providing faster onset and offset compared to clopidogrel.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">B) Reversible P2Y12<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Abciximab, eptifibatide, and tirofiban are GP IIb\/IIIa inhibitors.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">C) GP IIb\/IIIa inhibitor<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Cilostazol and dipyridamole act via phosphodiesterase inhibition.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">D) Phosphodiesterase inhibitor<\/button>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"feedback-box hidden p-4 rounded-xl text-sm leading-relaxed mt-4\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- QUESTION 4 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-slate-900 border border-slate-800 rounded-2xl p-5 md:p-6 shadow-md transition-all duration-300 hover:border-cyan-800\/50\" data-answered=\"false\">\n      <h3 class=\"text-lg md:text-xl font-bold text-slate-100 mb-5 leading-snug flex gap-3\">\n        <span class=\"text-cyan-500 font-black\">4.<\/span> \n        Most common type of Atrial Septal Defect (ASD):\n      <\/h3>\n      <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-3 mb-2\">\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Ostium primum defects account for about 15-20% and are often associated with endocardial cushion defects and Down syndrome.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">A) Ostium primum<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"true\" data-explanation=\"Ostium secundum is the most common type, accounting for roughly 75% of all Atrial Septal Defects, located in the central portion of the atrial septum.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">B) Ostium secundum<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Sinus venosus defects are rare (5-10%) and typically located near the entry of the SVC or IVC.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">C) Sinus venosus<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Coronary sinus defects are the rarest form of ASD (<1%), where part of the wall separating the coronary sinus from the left atrium is missing.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">D) Coronary sinus<\/button>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"feedback-box hidden p-4 rounded-xl text-sm leading-relaxed mt-4\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- QUESTION 5 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-slate-900 border border-slate-800 rounded-2xl p-5 md:p-6 shadow-md transition-all duration-300 hover:border-cyan-800\/50\" data-answered=\"false\">\n      <h3 class=\"text-lg md:text-xl font-bold text-slate-100 mb-5 leading-snug flex gap-3\">\n        <span class=\"text-cyan-500 font-black\">5.<\/span> \n        Kussmaul sign is classically seen in:\n      <\/h3>\n      <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-3 mb-2\">\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Cardiac tamponade classically presents with pulsus paradoxus, but Kussmaul sign is typically absent.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">A) Cardiac tamponade<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"true\" data-explanation=\"Kussmaul sign (a paradoxical rise or lack of fall in JVP on inspiration) is classically seen in constrictive pericarditis, restrictive cardiomyopathy, and right ventricular infarction.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">B) Constrictive pericarditis<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"While it can be seen in severe restrictive cardiomyopathy, constrictive pericarditis is the classic textbook association for this sign.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">C) Restrictive cardiomyopathy<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Cor pulmonale may cause elevated JVP, but the classic inspiratory rise (Kussmaul sign) is characteristic of restricted right heart filling, like in constrictive pericarditis.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">D) Cor pulmonale<\/button>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"feedback-box hidden p-4 rounded-xl text-sm leading-relaxed mt-4\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- QUESTION 6 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-slate-900 border border-slate-800 rounded-2xl p-5 md:p-6 shadow-md transition-all duration-300 hover:border-cyan-800\/50\" data-answered=\"false\">\n      <h3 class=\"text-lg md:text-xl font-bold text-slate-100 mb-5 leading-snug flex gap-3\">\n        <span class=\"text-cyan-500 font-black\">6.<\/span> \n        Beck&#8217;s triad includes:\n      <\/h3>\n      <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-3 mb-2\">\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Hypertension, bradycardia, and irregular breathing make up Cushing's triad, seen in increased intracranial pressure.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">A) HTN, bradycardia, irregular breathing<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"true\" data-explanation=\"Beck's triad represents cardiac tamponade and consists of hypotension, jugular venous distention (JVD), and muffled (distant) heart sounds.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">B) Hypotension, JVD, muffled heart sounds<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Pleuritic chest pain, friction rub, and diffuse ST elevation are the classic presentation of acute pericarditis.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">C) Pleuritic chest pain, friction rub, diffuse ST elevation<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"These are non-specific symptoms and do not form Beck's triad.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">D) Palpitations, syncope, dyspnea<\/button>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"feedback-box hidden p-4 rounded-xl text-sm leading-relaxed mt-4\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- QUESTION 7 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-slate-900 border border-slate-800 rounded-2xl p-5 md:p-6 shadow-md transition-all duration-300 hover:border-cyan-800\/50\" data-answered=\"false\">\n      <h3 class=\"text-lg md:text-xl font-bold text-slate-100 mb-5 leading-snug flex gap-3\">\n        <span class=\"text-cyan-500 font-black\">7.<\/span> \n        First-line therapy for symptomatic HOCM:\n      <\/h3>\n      <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-3 mb-2\">\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Digoxin is a positive inotrope and can worsen the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction in HOCM.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">A) Digoxin<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"true\" data-explanation=\"Non-vasodilating beta-blockers are first-line. They increase diastolic filling time (by slowing HR) and decrease myocardial contractility, reducing LVOT obstruction.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">B) Beta-blockers<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Nitrates decrease preload, which worsens LVOT obstruction and can provoke syncope in HOCM.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">C) Nitrates<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"ACE inhibitors decrease afterload, which also increases the gradient across the LVOT and can worsen symptoms.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">D) ACE inhibitors<\/button>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"feedback-box hidden p-4 rounded-xl text-sm leading-relaxed mt-4\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- QUESTION 8 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-slate-900 border border-slate-800 rounded-2xl p-5 md:p-6 shadow-md transition-all duration-300 hover:border-cyan-800\/50\" data-answered=\"false\">\n      <h3 class=\"text-lg md:text-xl font-bold text-slate-100 mb-5 leading-snug flex gap-3\">\n        <span class=\"text-cyan-500 font-black\">8.<\/span> \n        Dabigatran antidote:\n      <\/h3>\n      <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-3 mb-2\">\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Andexanet alfa is the reversal agent for Factor Xa inhibitors (like apixaban and rivaroxaban).\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">A) Andexanet alfa<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"true\" data-explanation=\"Idarucizumab is a monoclonal antibody fragment specifically designed to rapidly bind and reverse the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">B) Idarucizumab<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Protamine sulfate is the reversal agent for unfractionated heparin.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">C) Protamine<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Vitamin K (along with Kcentra\/PCC) is used to reverse warfarin.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">D) Vitamin K<\/button>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"feedback-box hidden p-4 rounded-xl text-sm leading-relaxed mt-4\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- QUESTION 9 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-slate-900 border border-slate-800 rounded-2xl p-5 md:p-6 shadow-md transition-all duration-300 hover:border-cyan-800\/50\" data-answered=\"false\">\n      <h3 class=\"text-lg md:text-xl font-bold text-slate-100 mb-5 leading-snug flex gap-3\">\n        <span class=\"text-cyan-500 font-black\">9.<\/span> \n        Aortic regurgitation murmur characteristics:\n      <\/h3>\n      <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-3 mb-2\">\n        <button data-correct=\"true\" data-explanation=\"Aortic regurgitation classically produces a high-pitched, blowing, early diastolic decrescendo murmur best heard at the left sternal border.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">A) Early diastolic decrescendo<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Mid-diastolic rumble is typical of mitral stenosis.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">B) Mid-diastolic rumble<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Holosystolic murmurs are seen in mitral regurgitation, tricuspid regurgitation, and VSDs.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">C) Holosystolic<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Late systolic crescendo murmurs (usually following a mid-systolic click) indicate mitral valve prolapse.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">D) Late systolic crescendo<\/button>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"feedback-box hidden p-4 rounded-xl text-sm leading-relaxed mt-4\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- QUESTION 10 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-slate-900 border border-slate-800 rounded-2xl p-5 md:p-6 shadow-md transition-all duration-300 hover:border-cyan-800\/50\" data-answered=\"false\">\n      <h3 class=\"text-lg md:text-xl font-bold text-slate-100 mb-5 leading-snug flex gap-3\">\n        <span class=\"text-cyan-500 font-black\">10.<\/span> \n        Stanford Type A dissection involves the:\n      <\/h3>\n      <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-3 mb-2\">\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Dissections involving only the descending aorta (distal to the left subclavian) are Stanford Type B.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">A) Descending aorta<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"true\" data-explanation=\"Stanford Type A dissections involve the ascending aorta, regardless of the site of the primary intimal tear, and are surgical emergencies.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">B) Ascending aorta<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"While a dissection may extend into the renal arteries, 'Type A' classification specifically denotes ascending aorta involvement.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">C) Renal arteries<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Involvement of iliac arteries can occur with extensive dissections, but does not define Type A.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">D) Iliac arteries<\/button>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"feedback-box hidden p-4 rounded-xl text-sm leading-relaxed mt-4\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- QUESTION 11 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-slate-900 border border-slate-800 rounded-2xl p-5 md:p-6 shadow-md transition-all duration-300 hover:border-cyan-800\/50\" data-answered=\"false\">\n      <h3 class=\"text-lg md:text-xl font-bold text-slate-100 mb-5 leading-snug flex gap-3\">\n        <span class=\"text-cyan-500 font-black\">11.<\/span> \n        WPW syndrome ECG hallmark:\n      <\/h3>\n      <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-3 mb-2\">\n        <button data-correct=\"true\" data-explanation=\"Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) is characterized by a short PR interval, wide QRS complex, and a slurred upstroke known as a Delta wave due to pre-excitation via the Bundle of Kent.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">A) Delta wave, short PR, wide QRS<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"A prolonged PR interval with a narrow QRS indicates a first-degree AV block.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">B) Prolonged PR, narrow QRS<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"ST elevation in V1-V3 can be seen in anteroseptal STEMI or Brugada syndrome.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">C) ST elevation V1-V3<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Electrical alternans (alternating QRS amplitude) is a sign of a large pericardial effusion\/tamponade.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">D) Electrical alternans<\/button>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"feedback-box hidden p-4 rounded-xl text-sm leading-relaxed mt-4\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- QUESTION 12 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-slate-900 border border-slate-800 rounded-2xl p-5 md:p-6 shadow-md transition-all duration-300 hover:border-cyan-800\/50\" data-answered=\"false\">\n      <h3 class=\"text-lg md:text-xl font-bold text-slate-100 mb-5 leading-snug flex gap-3\">\n        <span class=\"text-cyan-500 font-black\">12.<\/span> \n        Brugada syndrome ECG finding in V1-V3:\n      <\/h3>\n      <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-3 mb-2\">\n        <button data-correct=\"true\" data-explanation=\"Brugada syndrome classically shows a pseudo-right bundle branch block and coved ST segment elevation (Type 1) in leads V1-V3.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">A) Coved ST elevation<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"T wave inversion alone is non-specific, seen in ischemia, RV strain, or normal pediatric ECGs.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">B) T wave inversion<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Pathologic Q waves indicate prior myocardial infarction.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">C) Q waves<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"U waves are seen in hypokalemia.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">D) U waves<\/button>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"feedback-box hidden p-4 rounded-xl text-sm leading-relaxed mt-4\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- QUESTION 13 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-slate-900 border border-slate-800 rounded-2xl p-5 md:p-6 shadow-md transition-all duration-300 hover:border-cyan-800\/50\" data-answered=\"false\">\n      <h3 class=\"text-lg md:text-xl font-bold text-slate-100 mb-5 leading-snug flex gap-3\">\n        <span class=\"text-cyan-500 font-black\">13.<\/span> \n        HFrEF (Heart Failure with reduced Ejection Fraction) is defined by an EF of:\n      <\/h3>\n      <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-3 mb-2\">\n        <button data-correct=\"true\" data-explanation=\"According to major guidelines (AHA\/ACC\/ESC), HFrEF is defined by a Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) of 40% or less.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">A) <= 40%<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"An EF of 41-49% is classified as Heart Failure with mildly reduced Ejection Fraction (HFmrEF).\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">B) 41-49%<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"An EF of >= 50% defines Heart Failure with preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF).&#8221; class=&#8221;opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300&#8243;>C) >= 50%<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\">= 60% represents normal left ventricular systolic function.&#8221; class=&#8221;opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300&#8243;>D) >= 60%<\/button>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"feedback-box hidden p-4 rounded-xl text-sm leading-relaxed mt-4\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- QUESTION 14 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-slate-900 border border-slate-800 rounded-2xl p-5 md:p-6 shadow-md transition-all duration-300 hover:border-cyan-800\/50\" data-answered=\"false\">\n      <h3 class=\"text-lg md:text-xl font-bold text-slate-100 mb-5 leading-snug flex gap-3\">\n        <span class=\"text-cyan-500 font-black\">14.<\/span> \n        Most common benign primary cardiac tumor in adults:\n      <\/h3>\n      <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-3 mb-2\">\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Rhabdomyoma is the most common primary cardiac tumor in children, heavily associated with tuberous sclerosis.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">A) Rhabdomyoma<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"true\" data-explanation=\"Myxoma is the most common primary benign cardiac tumor in adults, frequently presenting with constitutional symptoms or embolization.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">B) Myxoma<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Fibromas are less common and typically present as large intramural masses in the ventricular myocardium.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">C) Fibroma<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Lipomas are benign fatty tumors but are less frequent than myxomas.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">D) Lipoma<\/button>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"feedback-box hidden p-4 rounded-xl text-sm leading-relaxed mt-4\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- QUESTION 15 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-slate-900 border border-slate-800 rounded-2xl p-5 md:p-6 shadow-md transition-all duration-300 hover:border-cyan-800\/50\" data-answered=\"false\">\n      <h3 class=\"text-lg md:text-xl font-bold text-slate-100 mb-5 leading-snug flex gap-3\">\n        <span class=\"text-cyan-500 font-black\">15.<\/span> \n        Most frequent location of cardiac myxoma:\n      <\/h3>\n      <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-3 mb-2\">\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Right atrial myxomas exist but account for only about 15-20% of cases.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">A) Right atrium<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"true\" data-explanation=\"About 75-80% of cardiac myxomas are located in the left atrium, usually attached by a stalk to the interatrial septum at the fossa ovalis.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">B) Left atrium<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Ventricular myxomas are exceedingly rare.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">C) Right ventricle<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Ventricular myxomas are rare; the vast majority are atrial.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">D) Left ventricle<\/button>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"feedback-box hidden p-4 rounded-xl text-sm leading-relaxed mt-4\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- QUESTION 16 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-slate-900 border border-slate-800 rounded-2xl p-5 md:p-6 shadow-md transition-all duration-300 hover:border-cyan-800\/50\" data-answered=\"false\">\n      <h3 class=\"text-lg md:text-xl font-bold text-slate-100 mb-5 leading-snug flex gap-3\">\n        <span class=\"text-cyan-500 font-black\">16.<\/span> \n        Dressler syndrome is:\n      <\/h3>\n      <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-3 mb-2\">\n        <button data-correct=\"true\" data-explanation=\"Dressler syndrome is a secondary form of pericarditis that occurs weeks to months after a myocardial infarction, driven by an autoimmune response.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">A) Post-MI fibrinous pericarditis<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Rupture of the papillary muscle is an acute, mechanical complication of an MI (usually days 3-5), leading to severe mitral regurgitation.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">B) Rupture of papillary muscle<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Ventricular pseudoaneurysm is a contained free-wall rupture following an MI, not Dressler syndrome.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">C) Ventricular pseudoaneurysm<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Atrial fibrillation is an arrhythmia, not the immune-mediated pericarditis known as Dressler syndrome.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">D) Atrial fibrillation<\/button>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"feedback-box hidden p-4 rounded-xl text-sm leading-relaxed mt-4\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- QUESTION 17 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-slate-900 border border-slate-800 rounded-2xl p-5 md:p-6 shadow-md transition-all duration-300 hover:border-cyan-800\/50\" data-answered=\"false\">\n      <h3 class=\"text-lg md:text-xl font-bold text-slate-100 mb-5 leading-snug flex gap-3\">\n        <span class=\"text-cyan-500 font-black\">17.<\/span> \n        Sacubitril mechanism:\n      <\/h3>\n      <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-3 mb-2\">\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Lisinopril, Enalapril, etc., are ACE inhibitors. Sacubitril is often paired with an ARB (Valsartan).\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">A) ACE inhibitor<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"true\" data-explanation=\"Sacubitril is a prodrug that inhibits neprilysin, an enzyme that degrades natriuretic peptides (like BNP) and bradykinin. This promotes vasodilation and diuresis in heart failure.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">B) Neprilysin inhibitor<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Spironolactone and Eplerenone are aldosterone antagonists.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">C) Aldosterone antagonist<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Carvedilol, Metoprolol, and Bisoprolol are the primary beta-blockers used in heart failure.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">D) Beta-blocker<\/button>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"feedback-box hidden p-4 rounded-xl text-sm leading-relaxed mt-4\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- QUESTION 18 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-slate-900 border border-slate-800 rounded-2xl p-5 md:p-6 shadow-md transition-all duration-300 hover:border-cyan-800\/50\" data-answered=\"false\">\n      <h3 class=\"text-lg md:text-xl font-bold text-slate-100 mb-5 leading-snug flex gap-3\">\n        <span class=\"text-cyan-500 font-black\">18.<\/span> \n        The CHA2DS2-VASc score evaluates:\n      <\/h3>\n      <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-3 mb-2\">\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"HAS-BLED is a score used to assess bleeding risk in patients starting anticoagulation.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">A) Bleeding risk in DVT<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"true\" data-explanation=\"The CHA2DS2-VASc score calculates stroke risk for patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation to guide anticoagulation therapy decisions.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">B) Stroke risk in AF<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"TIMI or GRACE scores are used to assess mortality and risk in Acute Coronary Syndromes.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">C) Mortality in STEMI<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Risk stratification for sudden cardiac death usually involves measuring LVEF and identifying specific channelopathies\/structural disease.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">D) Risk of sudden cardiac death<\/button>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"feedback-box hidden p-4 rounded-xl text-sm leading-relaxed mt-4\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- QUESTION 19 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-slate-900 border border-slate-800 rounded-2xl p-5 md:p-6 shadow-md transition-all duration-300 hover:border-cyan-800\/50\" data-answered=\"false\">\n      <h3 class=\"text-lg md:text-xl font-bold text-slate-100 mb-5 leading-snug flex gap-3\">\n        <span class=\"text-cyan-500 font-black\">19.<\/span> \n        Infective endocarditis (IE) in IV drug users most commonly affects which valve?\n      <\/h3>\n      <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-3 mb-2\">\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Mitral valve is the most commonly affected valve in the general population, but not specifically in IV drug users.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">A) Mitral<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Aortic valve is the second most commonly affected in the general population.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">B) Aortic<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"true\" data-explanation=\"Intravenous drug users are at highest risk for right-sided infective endocarditis, primarily involving the tricuspid valve, often driven by Staphylococcus aureus.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">C) Tricuspid<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Pulmonary valve endocarditis is extremely rare.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">D) Pulmonary<\/button>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"feedback-box hidden p-4 rounded-xl text-sm leading-relaxed mt-4\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- QUESTION 20 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-slate-900 border border-slate-800 rounded-2xl p-5 md:p-6 shadow-md transition-all duration-300 hover:border-cyan-800\/50\" data-answered=\"false\">\n      <h3 class=\"text-lg md:text-xl font-bold text-slate-100 mb-5 leading-snug flex gap-3\">\n        <span class=\"text-cyan-500 font-black\">20.<\/span> \n        Pulsus paradoxus definition:\n      <\/h3>\n      <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-3 mb-2\">\n        <button data-correct=\"true\" data-explanation=\"Pulsus paradoxus is an abnormally large decrease in systolic blood pressure (>10 mmHg) during inspiration. It is a classic sign of cardiac tamponade.&#8221; class=&#8221;opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300&#8243;>A) >10 mmHg drop in systolic BP during inspiration<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"A rise in systolic BP during inspiration is not the definition of pulsus paradoxus.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">B) >10 mmHg rise in systolic BP during inspiration<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Alternating strong and weak beats is called pulsus alternans, which is a sign of severe left ventricular failure.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">C) Alternating strong and weak beats<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"A delayed radial pulse (radio-femoral delay) suggests aortic coarctation.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">D) Delayed radial pulse<\/button>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"feedback-box hidden p-4 rounded-xl text-sm leading-relaxed mt-4\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- QUESTION 21 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-slate-900 border border-slate-800 rounded-2xl p-5 md:p-6 shadow-md transition-all duration-300 hover:border-cyan-800\/50\" data-answered=\"false\">\n      <h3 class=\"text-lg md:text-xl font-bold text-slate-100 mb-5 leading-snug flex gap-3\">\n        <span class=\"text-cyan-500 font-black\">21.<\/span> \n        Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is also known as:\n      <\/h3>\n      <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-3 mb-2\">\n        <button data-correct=\"true\" data-explanation=\"Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is stress-induced cardiomyopathy, characterized by LV apical ballooning, and is colloquially referred to as 'broken heart syndrome'.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">A) Broken heart syndrome<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Holiday heart syndrome refers to arrhythmias (especially atrial fibrillation) triggered by excessive alcohol consumption.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">B) Holiday heart syndrome<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Athlete's heart refers to benign, physiologic cardiac remodeling in response to intense exercise.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">C) Athlete&#8217;s heart<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Cor pulmonale is right-sided heart failure secondary to primary pulmonary disease.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">D) Cor pulmonale<\/button>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"feedback-box hidden p-4 rounded-xl text-sm leading-relaxed mt-4\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- QUESTION 22 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-slate-900 border border-slate-800 rounded-2xl p-5 md:p-6 shadow-md transition-all duration-300 hover:border-cyan-800\/50\" data-answered=\"false\">\n      <h3 class=\"text-lg md:text-xl font-bold text-slate-100 mb-5 leading-snug flex gap-3\">\n        <span class=\"text-cyan-500 font-black\">22.<\/span> \n        Primary indication for TAVR (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement):\n      <\/h3>\n      <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-3 mb-2\">\n        <button data-correct=\"true\" data-explanation=\"TAVR is primarily indicated for patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis across various risk categories (low to prohibitive surgical risk).\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">A) Severe symptomatic aortic stenosis<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Mitral regurgitation is treated with mitral clip (TEER) or surgical repair\/replacement, not TAVR.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">B) Severe mitral regurgitation<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Aortic dissection requires emergency open surgical repair or endovascular stenting (TEVAR), not TAVR.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">C) Aortic dissection<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"While occasionally done off-label, bicuspid aortic valves pose challenges for TAVR and open surgery (SAVR) is often preferred.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">D) Bicuspid aortic valve<\/button>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"feedback-box hidden p-4 rounded-xl text-sm leading-relaxed mt-4\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- QUESTION 23 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-slate-900 border border-slate-800 rounded-2xl p-5 md:p-6 shadow-md transition-all duration-300 hover:border-cyan-800\/50\" data-answered=\"false\">\n      <h3 class=\"text-lg md:text-xl font-bold text-slate-100 mb-5 leading-snug flex gap-3\">\n        <span class=\"text-cyan-500 font-black\">23.<\/span> \n        Diagnostic biomarker for heart failure:\n      <\/h3>\n      <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-3 mb-2\">\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Troponin I is the key biomarker for myocardial infarction (myocardial necrosis).\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">A) Troponin I<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"true\" data-explanation=\"B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal pro-BNP are released from the ventricles in response to stretch and are key biomarkers for heart failure.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">B) BNP \/ NT-proBNP<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"D-dimer is used to rule out pulmonary embolism and DVT.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">C) D-dimer<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is an acute-phase reactant indicating systemic inflammation.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">D) CRP<\/button>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"feedback-box hidden p-4 rounded-xl text-sm leading-relaxed mt-4\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- QUESTION 24 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-slate-900 border border-slate-800 rounded-2xl p-5 md:p-6 shadow-md transition-all duration-300 hover:border-cyan-800\/50\" data-answered=\"false\">\n      <h3 class=\"text-lg md:text-xl font-bold text-slate-100 mb-5 leading-snug flex gap-3\">\n        <span class=\"text-cyan-500 font-black\">24.<\/span> \n        Antihypertensive contraindicated in bilateral renal artery stenosis:\n      <\/h3>\n      <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-3 mb-2\">\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Calcium channel blockers are safe and often used in patients with renovascular hypertension.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">A) Calcium channel blockers<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"true\" data-explanation=\"ACE inhibitors and ARBs are contraindicated. They remove angiotensin II's efferent arteriolar vasoconstriction, which is keeping the GFR afloat in bilateral stenosis, precipitating acute renal failure.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">B) ACE inhibitors<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Beta-blockers can actually reduce renin secretion and are not contraindicated in this condition.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">C) Beta-blockers<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Thiazides are generally safe, though less effective in advanced renal failure.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">D) Thiazides<\/button>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"feedback-box hidden p-4 rounded-xl text-sm leading-relaxed mt-4\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <!-- QUESTION 25 -->\n    <div class=\"mcq-card bg-slate-900 border border-slate-800 rounded-2xl p-5 md:p-6 shadow-md transition-all duration-300 hover:border-cyan-800\/50\" data-answered=\"false\">\n      <h3 class=\"text-lg md:text-xl font-bold text-slate-100 mb-5 leading-snug flex gap-3\">\n        <span class=\"text-cyan-500 font-black\">25.<\/span> \n        Classic sign of digoxin toxicity on ECG:\n      <\/h3>\n      <div class=\"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-3 mb-2\">\n        <button data-correct=\"true\" data-explanation=\"The 'Salvador Dali mustache' or scooped, sagging ST segment depression is the classic 'digoxin effect' seen on an ECG. Note: this indicates drug presence, while toxicity typically manifests as arrhythmias (like PVCs or atrial tachycardia with AV block).\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">A) Salvador Dali sagging ST segment<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Osborne waves (J waves) are seen in hypothermia.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">B) Osborne waves<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Peaked T waves are a sign of hyperkalemia.\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">C) Peaked T waves<\/button>\n        <button data-correct=\"false\" data-explanation=\"Electrical alternans is indicative of a massive pericardial effusion (cardiac tamponade).\" class=\"opt-btn w-full text-left p-4 rounded-xl border border-slate-700 bg-slate-950 hover:bg-slate-800 hover:border-slate-500 transition-all text-sm md:text-base font-semibold text-slate-300\">D) Electrical alternans<\/button>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"feedback-box hidden p-4 rounded-xl text-sm leading-relaxed mt-4\"><\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<script>\n  \/\/ Robust vanilla JavaScript event delegation - zero quotation mark HTML escaping bugs\n  document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", () => {\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.mcq-card');\n    const scoreCorrectEl = document.getElementById('score-correct');\n    const scoreAnsweredEl = document.getElementById('score-answered');\n    const progressBar = document.getElementById('progress-bar');\n    \n    let correctCount = 0;\n    let answeredCount = 0;\n    const totalQuestions = 25;\n\n    cards.forEach(card => {\n      const buttons = card.querySelectorAll('.opt-btn');\n      const feedbackBox = card.querySelector('.feedback-box');\n\n      buttons.forEach(btn => {\n        btn.addEventListener('click', function() {\n          \/\/ 1. 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ECG finding in hypokalemia: A) Peaked T [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":67944,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-67941","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>New Series of Interactive Cardiology MCQs 6 - All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/new-series-of-interactive-cardiology-mcqs-6\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"New Series of Interactive Cardiology MCQs 6 - All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Advanced Clinical Series Cardiology MCQs: Part 6 Test your knowledge on advanced cardiovascular pathologies, pharmacology, and ECG findings. Live Score 0 \/ 25 Progress 0\/25 1. Most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes? A) HOCM B) Arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy C) Brugada D) Long QT 2. 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