{"id":70,"date":"2016-09-15T20:30:47","date_gmt":"2016-09-15T15:00:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/md.cardiophile.com\/?p=8"},"modified":"2016-09-15T20:30:47","modified_gmt":"2016-09-15T15:00:47","slug":"pericardial-effusion-on-cxr","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/pericardial-effusion-on-cxr\/","title":{"rendered":"Pericardial Effusion on CXR"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Pericardial Effusion on CXR<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/sxfAphLY89g\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_40024\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-40024\" style=\"width: 1200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-40024 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/Pericardial-Effusion.png\" alt=\"Pericardial Effusion\" width=\"1200\" height=\"900\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-40024\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pericardial Effusion on CXR<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Cardiothoracic ratio is grossly&nbsp;increased due to the large pericardial effusion. In this case there was underlying severe right ventricular endomyocardial fibrosis as well.<\/p>\n<p>Prior to the era of ubiquitous availability of echocardiography, pericardial aspiration followed by instillation of air into the pericardial cavity and taking of repeat X-ray was often done to assess the pericardial thickness. Such films could also sometimes pick up the outline of an intrapericardial mass. Computerized tomographic (CT) scans are quite useful to assess pericardial thickness. Though echocardiography is very useful for detection and quantification of pericardial effusion, it is not very accurate in assessing pericardial thickening.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Differential diagnosis of gross enlargement of cardiac size on x-ray&nbsp; include:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>1. <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Large pericardial effusion:<\/span><\/em> The cardiac outline is smooth in large pericardial effusion without any significant bulges in the contour. The smooth outline is due to the presence of fluid in the pericardial cavity which smoothens the outline.<br \/>\n<em>2. <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Ebstein&#8217;s anomaly of tricuspid valve:<\/span><\/em> &nbsp;Cardiomegaly with relative oligemia of the lung fields and reduced cardiac motion can produce a \u201cstencilled out\u201d appearance in Ebstein\u2019s anomaly.<br \/>\n<em>3. <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Multivalvular heart disease:<\/span><\/em> The cardiac outline will show multiple bulges due to different chamber enlargements in multivalvular heart disease, unlike in pericardial effusion.<br \/>\n<em>4. <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Endomyocardial fibrosis:<\/span>&nbsp;<\/em>In the classical right ventricular endomyocardial fibrosis, it is usually the grossly enlarged right atrium which enlarges the cardiac contour. There can be associated pericardial effusion as well. The prevalence of endomyocardial fibrosis has grossly declined over the past few decades.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gross enlargement of cardiac outline due to pericardial effusion. Other causes of such huge enlargement of cardiac outline are Ebstein&#8217;s anomaly of tricuspid valve, multivalvular heart disease and endomyocardial fibrosis.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":40024,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-70","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cardiology-x-ray","post_format-post-format-image"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Pericardial Effusion on CXR - gross increase in cardiothoracic ratio<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pericardial Effusion on CXR: Gross enlargement of cardiac outline due to pericardial effusion. 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