{"id":8012,"date":"2018-01-11T12:45:56","date_gmt":"2018-01-11T07:15:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/cardiophile.org\/?p=8012"},"modified":"2022-11-27T14:00:32","modified_gmt":"2022-11-27T08:30:32","slug":"tolvaptan-vasopressin-antagonist","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/johnsonfrancis.org\/professional\/tolvaptan-vasopressin-antagonist\/","title":{"rendered":"Tolvaptan: Vasopressin Antagonist"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/10QueGcNfTc\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Tolvaptan: Vasopressin Antagonist<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Tolvaptan is a vasopressin antagonist which acts on the V2 receptors in the renal tubules. Activation of V2 receptors increases water permeability in the renal collecting duct resulting in passive reabsorption of water. V2 receptor antagonism causes aquaresis or free water clearance. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), heart failure and cirrhosis can be associated with increased secretion of arginine vasopressin (AVP). This leads to water retention or inadequate water excretion and hyponatremia (<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">dilutional hyponatremia<\/span>). The drug binds to V2 receptors and induces excretion of electrolyte-free water without altering the electrolyte excretion.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Indications<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tolvaptan is indicated for the treatment of hypervolemic and euvolemic hyponatremia, with serum sodium&nbsp;&lt;125 mEq\/L or less marked hyponatremia that is symptomatic and has resisted correction with fluid restriction. Such situations occur with heart failure, cirrhosis, and SIADH.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Adverse Effects<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>As expected from its therapeutic action, important adverse effects of tolvaptan are increased thirst, dryness of mouth, increased urination and sometimes dehydration leading to hypotension and syncope. Gastrointestinal hemorrhage may occur in those with cirrhosis liver. Hypernatremia and hyperkalemia are potential problems and very rarely osmotic demyelination is possible due to rapid correction of hyponatremia.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Contraindications to the medication<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tolvaptan is not the treatment when there is an urgent need to raise serum sodium acutely. It should also be avoided in those with inability to sense or appropriately respond to thirst.&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Hypovolemic hyponatremia is not an indication for tolvaptan therapy.<\/span> Concomitant use of strong CYP3A inhibitors can increase the effect of the drug. There is no point in giving it to anuric patients as no fluid is delivered to the renal collecting ducts, the site of action of the drug.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Precautions while taking the medication<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Serum sodium has to be closely monitored while initiating tolvaptan therapy.&nbsp;Too rapid correction (&gt;12 mEq\/L\/24 hours) can cause osmotic demyelination (the erstwhile central pontine myelinolysis). Slower rates of correction may be considered in those susceptible patients who include those with severe malnutrition, alcoholism and advanced liver disease.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tolvaptan is vasopressin antagonist which acts on the V2 receptors in the renal tubules. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":40151,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8012","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Tolvaptan: Vasopressin Antagonist - for dilutional hyponatremia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Tolvaptan is vasopressin antagonist which acts on the V2 receptors in the renal tubules. 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