Suppose inverted V dipole elements are at right angles to each other in horizontal plane. What will be the radiation pattern?
I have nearly this situation for my 80m inverted V dipole because of mounting constraints. Height of antenna feed point is about 5.5 m from ground. Ends are at about 4 m from ground. There is a 1:1 current balun at feed point, an ‘ugly’ balun in the shack with 15 turns of RG 58 on 4 inch PVC pipe and a common mode choke wound on FT240-43 toroid with 11+ 11 turns of RG 316 coax.
When the two limbs (elements) of a single inverted V antenna are arranged at right angles (90°) to each other in the horizontal plane, the antenna is effectively a bent dipole viewed from above. This specific geometry creates several distinct shifts in performance compared to a standard straight inverted V. These are the possibilities which I got online:
1. Radiation Pattern
A standard inverted V has a “fat” figure-8 pattern, radiating most strongly broadside to the wires. By bending the limbs to 90° horizontally:
- Near-Omnidirectionality: The nulls (the “dead spots” off the ends of the wires) are significantly filled in. The antenna becomes much more omnidirectional, radiating more equally in all directions.
- Maximum Radiation Direction: The peak signal will generally favor the direction the “V” is pointing (the bisector of the angle) and the area directly opposite it.
- Mixed Polarization: While a straight dipole is primarily horizontally polarized, this bent configuration introduces a significant vertical component to the radiation, especially toward the ends of the wires. This can be an advantage for local contacts.
2. Impedance and Tuning
- Lower Impedance: Bending the limbs closer together lowers the feedpoint impedance. While a straight inverted V is often close to 50 Ω, a 90° horizontal bend can drop the impedance to approximately 30 Ω to 35 Ω, which may result in a slightly higher SWR on a standard 50 Ω feedline.
- Physical Length: You may need to slightly increase the length of the wires (by about 3–5%) to maintain resonance compared to a straight dipole, as the proximity of the two limbs increases mutual coupling.
Though this is the theoretical aspect, actual impedance which I noted on the NanoVNA Smith chart is near 50 Ω with very little reactive component. There is much more complexity to the antenna other than the 90° horizontal bend. Midpoint of one limb has been elevated to about 10m from the ground, again due to mounting constraints. 40m inverted V and loop antenna for 40m are nearby. One limb passes between two nearby buildings. Somehow, these complex interactions have brought the impedance near 50 Ω and SWR near 1:1! Would like to know your thoughts on similar complex antenna mounting situations which are very difficult to model!