Author: Johnson Francis

On LV (left ventricle) to aorta pull back, aortic pressure rises due to relief of the enhanced obstruction of the aortic orifice which had occurred while entering the

Echocardiogram video showing large aortic valve vegetation and prolapse of a scallop of the anterior mitral leaflet. Left atrium and left ventricle are dilated due to mitral and

Cor triatriatum or heart with three atrial chambers, could be either cor triatriatum sinistrum or cor triatriatum dexter depending on which side the additional chamber is present.

Epicardial fat makes it difficult to ablate epicardial accessory pathways by epicardial route as the fat in the AV groove prevents ablation energy from reaching the pathways at

LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction have been reported in Ebstein's anomaly, presumably due to LV fibrosis due to arterial oxygen desaturation.

Electrocardiographic measures of ventricular repolarization include QT dispersion, T wave width, spatial QRS-T angle and T peak to T end interval.

Causes of aortic stenosis include bicuspid aortic valve, degenerative, rheumatic, familial hypercholesterolemia and ochronosis.

Ventriculophasic sinus arrhythmia, also known as ventriculophasic response, is the shortening of a PP interval which encloses a QRS complex.

Four criteria for diagnosis of complete heart block on the ECG are constant RR interval, constant PP interval, varying PR interval and PP interval shorter than RR interval.

LAO (left anterior oblique) 40 degrees with 40 degrees cranial angulation is known as hepato clavicular view. It is used to profile inlet ventricular septal defects.