Category: General Cardiology

Catch 22 syndrome or 22q11 deletion is likely if there are dysmorphic features and arterial anomalies in TOF like right aortic arch and PA branch stenosis.

Reynolds number: Re = (V x d x rho) / eta. When Reynolds number is above 2000, flow becomes turbulent. When viscosity increases, Reynolds number decreases.

Continuous murmur is a murmur which starts in systole and continues uninterruptedly through the second heart sound into part or whole of diastole.

Prominent systolic murmur with severe cyanosis is in favour of DORV than Tetralogy of Fallot. Prominent left parasternal heave is more likely in DORV.

In Tetralogy of Fallot with flap valve VSD, a flap attached to the VSD will restrict flow across the VSD and can cause supra systemic RV pressure.

Differentiation of late diastolic ventricular ectopic from intermittent pre-excitation: PJ interval constant in WPW syndrome, can vary in late diastolic VPC

The most important causes of irregularity in ventricular tachycardia are capture beats and fusion beats.

Short RR interval following a long RR interval causes aberrant conduction with right bundle branch block pattern, known as Ashman phenomenon.

ST Elevation in Prinzmetal’s Angina ST elevation in Prinzmetal’s angina occurs during pain and disappears when pain subsides. Prinzmetal’s angina is due to coronary vasospasm producing transmural or

Post ectopic mitral regurgitation Long pause following an ectopic beat can produce a diastolic mitral regurgitation during left ventricular angiography. Abnormal sequence of activation can cause systolic mitral