Category: General Cardiology

Surgical procedures in complex CHD is more often a palliation rather than cure, unlike in simple CHDs like ASD, VSD and PDA.

Surgically created shunts in congenital heart disease are usually palliative procedures for complex cyanotic congenital heart diseases.

Association between myocardial infarction and osteoporotic fractures has been increasing over the past few decades.

Complete lipid atherogenic risk burden takes into account all atherogenic cholesterol particles like LDL-C, Lp(a), IDL-C, chylomicron remnants, and VLDL-C.

Two of the foremost emerging lipid risk markers are apolipoprotein B (apoB) and non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non–HDL-C).

In 1873 Kussmaul reported that in patients with constrictive pericarditis, the expected inspiratory collapse of neck veins was replaced by increased inspiratory distension.

TGA is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease at birth.

Special problems in cyanotic CHD with natural survival to adulthood: hemoptysis, cerebral abscess, endocarditis, AF/AFL or thromboembolic episodes.

Structure of the right ventricle is not meant to be a systemic pump. It is meant to be a low pressure generating pump for the pulmonary circulation.

Sequelae of congenital heart diseases in the adult: arrhythmias related to scars and myocardial dysfunction, valvular disease,  persistent shunts, pulmonary or systemic vascular disease etc.