Category: General Cardiology

Grading of Hill's sign in aortic regurgitation: Mild AR: 20 – 40 mm Hg, Moderate AR: 40 – 60 mm Hg, Severe AR: More than 60 mm Hg.

Features of left ventricular aneurysm: The important clinical finding of a left ventricular aneurysm is a dyskinetic pulsation near the apex beat.

Biochemical markers in acute coronary syndrome: Troponin: high sensitivity and specificity, CK-MB: better re-infarction, myoglobin: for rapid diagnosis.

Medical management of unstable angina includes: antiplatelet agents, morphine for pain relief, nitroglycerine for pain relief etc.

Unstable angina - risk stratification

Differential diagnosis of prolonged chest pain

Unstable angina - precipitating factors, prognostic indicators and pathogenesis

Apple-type and pear-type obesity: Marked adverse metabolic consequences are seen with central (android or apple-type), but rarely with gluteo-femoral (gynoid or pear-type) obesity.

Effects of statins on HDL cholesterol and triglycerides

Pleiotropic effects of statins: vasodilation, antithrombotic effects, antioxidant effects, antiproliferative effects, anti-inflammatory effects and atherosclerotic plaque stabilization.