Four ways by which Lipoprotein (a) increases cardiovascular risk

These are the four ways by which Lipoprotein (a) increases cardiovascular risk:

1. Important risk factor for accelerated atherosclerosis
2. Increases vascular inflammation. We know that vascular inflammation is important in the genesis of unstable plaques and acute coronary syndromes.
3. Worsening of calcific aortic stenosis. Atherosclerosis and calcific aortic valve disease are lipid related disorders.
4. Enhanced prothrombotic state.

Source: Braunwald’s textbook of Heart Disease, 12th Edition