All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders

Methods to make a TR jet more prominent: TR jet can be enhanced by deep inspiration or passive leg raising which increases the right sided inflow.

IRBBB: Incomplete right bundle branch block - partial conduction delay in the right bundle branch.

There is a role for carbon dioxide angiography in those with renal failure as it avoids the risk of acute kidney injury and nephrogenic systemic sclerosis.

Balloon mitral valvotomy is the modern treatment for mitral stenosis (narrowing): balloon at the tip a long tube is used to enlarge the narrowed valve.

Multifactorial approach needed for prevention of sudden cardiac death at various levels is discussed.

Nebivolol and beta 3 mediated cardioprotection: Probable mechanism: eNOS activation resulting in the release of nitric oxide and vasodilation.

Beta 3 adrenoceptors are stimulated only at high concentration of catecholamines and act as protection from overstimulation by catecholamines.

Ischemia guided myocardial revascularization is important when myocardial revascularization is undertaken in the absence of significant symptoms.

Out of hospital cardiac arrest is an important mechanism of death through out the world and the survival rates are poor even in those who are resuscitated.

ECG diagnosis: a) WPW syndrome b) Left bundle branch block c) Right bundle branch block d) None of the above