Author: Johnson Francis

M-Mode echocardiogram is short form for Time-Motion Mode echocardiography. It was one of the earliest modes of echocardiography. There was also a B-Mode or brightness mode along with

In addition to chest X-ray demonstrating right aortic arch, an echocardiogram showing features of Tetralogy of Fallot, associated patent ductus arteriosus as compensatory mechanism and an angiogram showing

Followed by other chest X-ray features like associated left and right atrial enlargement, elevation of left bronchus, widening of carinal angle, mogul signs and Kerley B lines.

Mild tricuspid regurgitation is often noted on echocardiogram reports and causes a bit of worry and a lot of queries both in online and offline discussions! Let us

Before going to device closure of atrial septal defect, we will discuss a bit about the different types of atrial septal defects and a couple of transesophageal echocardiographic

We will have a look at the different types of ventricular septal defects before we go into the echocardiographic evaluation of perimembranous ventricular septal defect.

Imaging in multiple views is needed for evaluation of eccentric jets to know the full extent. Holodiastolic flow reversal in descending aorta is another indicator of severe aortic

That can be checked from the suprasternal view. First obtain a colour Doppler image of aortic arch and proximal descending aorta. Colour Doppler will show the reverse flow

Heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction may contribute to about half of cases of heart failure. Rest of them may have heart failure with preserved ejection