Author: Johnson Francis

Complete heart block or complete AV block is a situation in which the sinus impulses are not conducted to the ventricles through the AV node.

Agonal rhythm is a bizarre wide QRS rhythm, often seen pre-terminally during cardiac resuscitation.

Idioventricular rhythm can exist in the presence or absence of a complete AV block. It is a slow rhythm with a rate of around 20 -  40 per

Conventionally, junctional rhythm has been divided into high junctional, mid junctional and low junctional rhythms.

Coronary sinus rhythm manifests with inverted P waves in inferior leads. It is also known as low atrial rhythm.

Sinus bradycardia can be identified as rhythm with normal P waves (positive in inferior leads and lead I) occurring at a rate less than 60 per minute.

When a person presents with cardiac arrhythmias into emergency room, it is always worthwhile having a quick evaluation for potential causes of arrhythmias.

Cardiac arrhythmias may vary from benign and ubiquitous ventricular ectopic beats to life threatening ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation.

Radiocontrast has been injected into the right subclavian artery using a catheter introduced by the right femoral arterial route.

Post BMV echocardiogram: 2-D, Doppler and color Doppler images.