Category: General Cardiology

Clopidogrel is withdrawn 5 days prior to surgery while Prasugrel needs to be withdrawn 7 days prior to surgery.

Long systolic murmur with severe cyanosis in Tetralogy of Fallot can occur with absent pulmonary valve, restrictive VSD or AV canal defect (MR/TR murmur)

Venesection in cyanotic heart disease is done in symptomatic polycythemia with Hb > 20 gm% & hematocrit > 65 % and is replaced with equal amount of saline

Admixture lesions are cyanotic congenital heart diseases with near equal saturations in aorta and pulmonary artery.

TGA like physiology can be seen in D- TGA with VSD and no PS, DORV with VSD and no PS, tricuspid atresia with VSD and no PS etc.

Fallot like physiology – cyanotic heart disease with low pulmonary blood flow

Commonest great artery relationship in DORV is side by side. Other types are NRGA like, D-TGA like and L-TGA like great artery relationships.

Brachial artery flow mediated vasodilation is considered to be an important way to assess the endothelial function on the bedside.

Angiotensin II receptors are G-protein coupled receptors. They are an important part of the renin-angiotensin system, involved in signal transduction.

Endothelium derived hyperpolarising factor (EDHF) is one of the three endothelium-derived relaxing factors, others being nitric oxide and prostacyclin.