Category: General Cardiology

Beta 3 adrenoceptors are stimulated only at high concentration of catecholamines and act as protection from overstimulation by catecholamines.

Out of hospital cardiac arrest is an important mechanism of death through out the world and the survival rates are poor even in those who are resuscitated.

ACE Inhibitors and anemia: Multiple mechanisms proposed, including suppression of erythropoietin production

Pulsoximetry tracing of ventricular premature complex with a lower amplitude than the normal sinus beat and the following beat with higher amplitude

Invasive blood pressure monitoring is fairly common in acute care setting, using a small cannula in radial artery connected to a pressure transducer system.

Symptoms pointing to specific valvular lesions: PND in MS, angina in AS, exertional palpitation in MR/AR, syncope in AS, episodic palpitation in MS with AF

Mitral annular calcification (MAC) is more likely in those with chronic kidney disease because of the deranged calcium and phosphorus metabolism

Cardiac complications of radiotherapy: accelerated atherosclerosis, constrictive pericarditis, restrictive cardiomyopathy, valvular and conduction abnormalities

The hallmark of rheumatic mitral stenosis is commissural fusion while there is no commissural fusion in radiation associated mitral stenosis.

Risk factors for the development of thoracic aortic aneurysm include hypertension, smoking, male gender, advancing age, obesity, positive family history and bicuspid aortic valve.