Mechanism of loud first heart sound in mitral stenosis In severe mitral stenosis, due to elevated left atrial pressure, the closure of the mitral valve is delayed and
Post Streptococcal Reactive Arthritis Post streptococcal reactive arthritis has a lower latency of about 1 week after the streptococcal infection, unlike the usual delay of about three weeks
Major manifestations of rheumatic fever Major manifestations of rheumatic fever: Polyarthritis – usually migratory, fleeting and flitting type of arthritis; fleeting means transient; flitting means jumping from one joint
Tricuspid regurgitation jet in complete heart block and junctional rhythm Tricuspid regurgitation jet can show a notch during atrial systole when the P waves occur during systole. This
Irregular cannon waves in complete heart block Irregular cannon waves in complete heart block are irregular in both timing and amplitude. P occurring later in systole has a
Differentiation of regular cannon waves from prominent v waves or cv waves of TR Regular cannon waves (RCW): Cannon waves have the characteristics of a wave and are seen
Types of ASD The types of atrial septal defect are: Primum ASD Secundum ASD, also called fossa ovalis type of defect Superior vena caval type of ASD near
Spontaneous echo contrast (SEC) Spontaneous echo contrast is often seen in left atrium in mitral stenosis. It is thought to be a fore runner of thrombus. SEC can
Traffic jam sign in constrictive pericarditis Multiple echogenic shadows are seen moving to and fro in the hepatic veins and inferior vena cava in cases of constrictive pericarditis
Chiari network Chiari network is a vestigial structure and is seen as strand like structures within the right atrial cavity on echocardiography. It is an embryonic remnant of
