Differentiation of regular cannon waves from prominent v waves or cv waves of TR Regular cannon waves (RCW): Cannon waves have the characteristics of a wave and are seen
Types of ASD The types of atrial septal defect are: Primum ASD Secundum ASD, also called fossa ovalis type of defect Superior vena caval type of ASD near
Spontaneous echo contrast (SEC) Spontaneous echo contrast is often seen in left atrium in mitral stenosis. It is thought to be a fore runner of thrombus. SEC can
Traffic jam sign in constrictive pericarditis Multiple echogenic shadows are seen moving to and fro in the hepatic veins and inferior vena cava in cases of constrictive pericarditis
Chiari network Chiari network is a vestigial structure and is seen as strand like structures within the right atrial cavity on echocardiography. It is an embryonic remnant of
In which condition can there be equal saturation in ventricle and both great vessels? In single ventricle, since there is complete mixing of left atrial and right atrial
In which condition can there be equal oxygen saturation in all four cardiac chambers? Conventionally, it is taught that oxygen saturation in all four cardiac chambers will be almost
Radiation exposure in cardiac CT angiography CT (computerized tomography) angiography has higher radiation dose than conventional coronary angiography, almost 5 times. Radiation exposure is low for EBCT (electron
Calcium scoring of coronary arteries Calcium scoring of coronary arteries can be done with electron beam computed tomography, while the vessel assessment can be done only with multi
Glagov phenomenon Glagov phenomenon is the positive remodeling of arteries described by Seymour Glagov in 1987 [1]. By meticulous serial sectioning of left main coronary arteries in necropsy
