Category: General Cardiology

In chronic heart failure, sympathoadrenergic system becomes counter productive and maladaptive. Hence beta blockers are useful in the treatment.

Advantage of Fondaparinux: single daily dose and less bleeding with equal efficacy.

Role of heparin after streptokinase: prevention of coronary re-occlusion, mural thrombus formation and thromboembolism in those with atrial fibrillation.

Limitations of passive leg raising in assessing dynamic variation of TR murmur: no change in severe right heart failure as RV is already fully loaded.

Minimum gradient required for diagnosis of tricuspid stenosis: 2mm Hg.

Significant mitral stenosis can be asymptomatic when there is associated tricuspid stenosis, pulmonary hypertension or atrial septal defect.

Right ventricular function is less understood than the left ventricular function, mainly because the number of studies are much lesser.

Does statin therapy increase the chance of type 2 diabetes mellitus? Slightly increased risk of new onset type 2 diabetes mellitus noted in study.

Severe aortic stenosis with low trans valvar gradient could be due to LV dysfunction or a specific subset with normal ejection fraction.

Clinical trial phase I to IV have been defined by the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) in the Code of Federal Regulations