We will have a look at the different types of ventricular septal defects before we go into the echocardiographic evaluation of perimembranous ventricular septal defect.
Imaging in multiple views is needed for evaluation of eccentric jets to know the full extent. Holodiastolic flow reversal in descending aorta is another indicator of severe aortic
That can be checked from the suprasternal view. First obtain a colour Doppler image of aortic arch and proximal descending aorta. Colour Doppler will show the reverse flow
Heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction may contribute to about half of cases of heart failure. Rest of them may have heart failure with preserved ejection
Mitral stenosis was the commonest isolated valvular heart disease when we started our medical training. Now calcific aortic stenosis of degenerative etiology is the commonest valvular heart disease
Transthoracic echocardiography is done from the chest wall in regions where there is no significant overlap of the heart by the lungs. Air in the lungs reflect ultrasound
Primary angioplasty is currently the best treatment for acute myocardial infarction early in the course of the disease. Earlier it is reperfused, the better. Even if the person
Immediate evaluation after balloon mitral valvotomy is checking the transmitral gradient using the balloon catheter itself. Left atrial pressure can be measured from the tip of the balloon
Nice illustration from Wikipedia illustrating the normal conduction system and conduction into ventricular myocardium. Second image depicts right bundle branch block. Incomplete right bundle branch block pattern can
