Some studies have suggested that high levels of BNP in CKD indicate both reduced clearance of BNP by the kidneys as well as a compromised cardiac function.
Ischemic cascade is the temporal sequence of changes due to myocardial ischemia. Ischemic episodes are initiated by a supply - demand mismatch in myocardial oxygen delivery.
Anti-ischemic mechanism of ranolazine: prevention of Ca overload reduces diastolic myocardial stiffness and compression of intramyocardial blood vessels.