Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) – Cardiology MCQ Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is defined as heart failure with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)
M-mode echocardiogram in left ventricular dysfunction M-mode echocardiogram is commonly used to measure left ventricular dimensions and ejection fraction. Ejection fraction is indicative of the left ventricular systolic
Mitral E/E’ for assessment of left ventricular diastolic function E/E’ measured using a combination of mitral flow Doppler and tissue Doppler of mitral annulus is an important measure
Doppler echocardiography in aortic stenosis AV Vmax: peak aortic velocity; AV Vmean: mean aortic velocity; AV maxPG: peak aortic gradient; AV mean PG: mean aortic gradient; AV VTI:
M-mode echocardiogram of aorta and left atrium M-mode echocardiogram at aorta-left atrium level showing the movements of aortic walls (anterior and posterior) and aortic valve opening and closing
Type 4c myocardial infarction – Cardiology MCQ – Answer Type 4c myocardial infarction as per the 4th universal definition of myocardial infarction: Correct answer c) Myocardial infarction due to
Causes of coronary procedure related myocardial infarction Coronary intervention related complications which reduce coronary blood flow can be associated with periprocedural myocardial infarction {Type 4a as per the
Myocardial injury vs Myocardial infarction Elevated cardiac troponin levels indicate myocardial injury. But all cases of troponin elevation are not due to myocardial ischemia. If there is clinical
Type 4c myocardial infarction as per the 4th universal definition of myocardial infarction: a) Myocardial infarction related to percutaneous coronary intervention b) Myocardial infarction due to stent thrombosis
Statin adverse effect – Cardiology MCQ – Answer Statin adverse effect/s with confirmed causality: Correct answer: d) All of the above Back to question Reference Maciej Banach, Angelo Maria
