North West (extreme superior) QRS axis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is most likely due to:
a) Fabry disease
b) Noonan syndrome
c) Danon disease
d) None of the above
Non-HDL cholesterol is defined as the difference between total cholesterol level and HDL cholesterol level. Non-HDL cholesterol includes several lipoproteins.
Diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in a first degree relative by European Society of Cardiology 2014 guideline needs left ventricular wall thickness of:
a) 15 millimeters or more
b) 14
Echocardiography is useful in demonstrating right heart thrombi, features of right ventricular overload and dysfunction as well as in differential diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism.
Strongest risk predictor in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy:
a) History of sudden cardiac death in multiple family members
b) Previous cardiac arrest or sustained ventricular arrhythmia
c) Septal thickness more than 30 millimeters
d)
Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy is the treatment of choice for:
a) Primary pulmonary hypertension
b) Eisenmenger syndrome
c) Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH)
d) Massive pulmonary embolism
Most important complication after alcohol septal ablation for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is:
a) Heart failure
b) Incomplete resolution of left ventricular outflow gradient
c) Complete heart block requiring permanent pacemaker
d)
Riociguat used in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension is a:
a) Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor
b) Soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator
c) Endothelin antagonist
d) Calcium channel antagonist
Complete AV block requiring permanent pacemaker implantation is more likely after:
a) Coronary artery bypass grafting
b) Aortic valve replacement
c) Mitral valve replacement
d) None of the above
