Category: Cardiology

Functional SYNTAX score is calculated using data from coronary angiography and fractional flow reserve (FFR).

Intracardiac echocardiography allows excellent resolution images as high frequency transducers can be used in close proximity to structures being imaged.

Stentless bioprosthetic valves do not have supporting framework so that they can have a higher effective valve orifice area.

Balloon atrial septostomy is classic bail out procedure for the deeply cyanosed and acidotic newborn with d-TGA and poor admixture.

Prosthetic heart valves used for replacement of diseased valves can be either mechanical prosthesis or tissue valves.

Each P wave is preceded by a sharp pacing spike, indicating atrial pacing with regular pacing and capture. P wave morphology is different from sinus rhythm.

ECG settings: Usual recording paper speed is 25 mm/s and voltage (Y-axis) calibration is 1 cm to 1 mV. Higher speed recordings when needed.

P2Y12 antagonists can be classified into three generations depending whether they are reversible or irreversible inhibitors.

Cardiac involvement in Costello syndrome: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, valvular pulmonary stenosis, atrial arrhythmias (chaotic atrial rhythm/ MAT or EAT).

Hallmark of cardiac amyloidosis is thickening of ventricular walls seen on echocardiography without corresponding higher voltages on electrocardiography.