Category: Cardiology

Human population is aging globally and the prevalence of calcific aortic stenosis is increasing. Aortic stenosis has now become the most common valvular heart disease in adults. Progressive

Secondary mitral regurgitation is mitral regurgitation in the absence of significant structural abnormalities of the mitral valve. It can be divided into ventricular secondary mitral regurgitation and atrial

Conventional method of permanent pacing in complete heart block involves pacing from the right ventricular apex. Though it is easy to achieve, there is a potential risk of

Du Bois formula for calculation of body surface area (BSA), was developed by Du Bois EF and Du Bois D in 1916 [1]. It is a complex formula

Borg Scale for rating perceived exertion is often used during a six minute walk test. It was described by Gunnar AV Borg in 1970. It was constructed to