Aerobic training Aerobic exercises are those which stress the oxygen transport system while resistance exercises stress the musculoskeletal system. Target heart rate for aerobic training is 70 percent
Digoxin amiodarone interaction Important drugs which can increase the levels of digoxin are quinidine, verapamil, amiodarone and dronedarone [1]. The dose of digoxin should be halved with concomitant
Airway hemorrhage in Eisenmenger syndrome In Eisenmenger syndrome airway hemorrhages have to be thought of specially when moving from lower to a higher altitude as during air travel
What is Modified Rankin Score (mRS)? In the original Rankin score proposed in 1957, there were 5 grades of stroke severity ranging from “no significant disability” to “severe
Lake Louise criteria is for the diagnosis of myocarditis on CMR Lake Louise criteria are based on those for detection of myocardial edema, hyperemia and capillary leakage, necrosis
Pulmonary angiography Pulmonary angiography can be done by introducing a guidewire initially followed by a modified pigtail catheter like Grollman catheter, under fluoroscopic guidance. Grollman catheter has a
Role of beta blockers in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) Beta blockers are the mainstay of medical treatment in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with or without obstruction. They reduce the dynamic
What is Chatterjee phenomenon? Chatterjee phenomenon is post pacing T wave inversion. In the original article by Kanu Chatterjee and associates [1] they found significant ST depression and
What are the important biomarkers for myocardial fibrosis? Soluble ST2 receptor and Galectin-3 are important biomarkers of myocardial fibrosis. Reference Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Butler J,
Fontaine classification for peripheral arterial disease In Fontaine classification [1,2], Stage I is asymptomatic with incomplete vascular obstruction. Stage II is with mild claudication which is divided into
