Fontaine classification for peripheral arterial disease

Fontaine classification for peripheral arterial disease

In Fontaine classification [1,2], Stage I is asymptomatic with incomplete vascular obstruction. Stage II is with mild claudication which is divided into A with claudication distance more than 200 m and B with claudication distance less than 200 m. Stage III is with rest pain and stage IV with necrosis or gangrene in the limb.
Rutherford classification classified peripheral arterial disease into acute and chronic limb ischemia [3]. Each is further subdivided into grades and categories based on symptoms, clinical findings, Doppler, ankle brachial index (ABI) and pulse volume recordings.

References

1. Fontaine R, Kim M, Kieny R. Surgical treatment of peripheral circulation disorders. Helv Chir Acta. 1954 Dec;21(5-6):499-533.
2. Hardman RL, Jazaeri O, Yi J, Smith M, Gupta R. Overview of classification systems in peripheral artery disease. Semin Intervent Radiol. 2014 Dec;31(4):378-88.
3. Rutherford RB, Baker JD, Ernst C, Johnston KW, Porter JM, Ahn S, Jones DN. Recommended standards for reports dealing with lower extremity ischemia: revised version. J Vasc Surg. 1997 Sep;26(3):517-38.