Need for imaging the atrium in pulmonary vein isolation (PVI)

Need for imaging the atrium in pulmonary vein isolation (PVI)

Imaging the atrium in pulmonary vein isolation is needed because of the variability in pulmonary venous architecture, to prevent complications like pulmonary vein stenosis, thromboembolic events, cardiac perforation/ tamponade and atrioesophageal fistula. CARTO ultrasound is a new imaging system. ICE (intracardiac echocardiography) is combined with CARTO imaging in this system. ICE image can also be integrated with MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). NavX system produces real time geometry. CT registration can also be done along with this.