What is chronotropic incompetence? Chronotropic incompetence is the inability of the heart to increase its rate according to the body’s demand, mostly with increased activity. Chronotropic incompetence can
Role of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in heart failure Reduced exercise tolerance is an important symptom of heart failure regardless of the left ventricular ejection fraction, meaning that
Diaphragmatic stimulation in heart failure: Novel concept Diaphragmatic stimulation is an effective tool for controlling respiration and has been useful in breathing disorders. Left ventricle is in close
Arterial switch operation (Jatene procedure) Arterial switch operation is the ideal corrective surgery for dextro transposition of great arteries (D-TGA). It was described by Jatene and colleagues in
Rupture of sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (RSOV) Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm is usually due to a defect in the aortic media. A ventricular septal defect or aortic regurgitation
Unroofing of myocardial bridge Myocardial bridge is a segment of coronary artery which has an intramyocardial course. It is mostly considered as an incidental finding and is often
Arrhythmias in Ebstein’s anomaly Cardiac arrhythmias are common in Ebstein’s anomaly of tricuspid valve. Accessory pathways located along the abnormal tricuspid valve is the most important cause of
What is ECG imaging (ECGi)? ECG imaging (ECGi) is a non-invasive three dimensional electrophysiology mapping using a 252 electrode system applied as a vest over the chest. CardioInsight™
LBBB induced cardiomyopathy Left bundle branch block (LBBB) induced cardiomyopathy is due to the mechanical dyssynchrony caused by the abnormal activation pattern in LBBB. Response to cardiac resynchronization
What are the important prosthetic valve emergencies? While most of the native valve emergencies are due regurgitations, prosthetic valve emergencies can be due to regurgitations or stenosis. Most
