Phrenic nerve stimulation for central sleep apnea Central sleep apnea (CSA) is due to lack of respiratory drive during sleep causing inadequate ventilation. A rare congenital form known
How bad is sitting for a long time? Sitting for prolonged period can affect health even in those who follow the physical activity guidelines. It is still worse
How good is waist-hip ratio as a predictor of cardiovascular risk? Body mass index (BMI) is an often used marker of obesity as it is simple to calculate
How to interpret an echo report? (Please see the YouTube video above for illustrations) Echocardiogram, often called just echo in short is ultrasound imaging of the heart. Though
Hemodynamic quiz 2 Here are the simultaneous pressure tracings from the left ventricle and left atrium. What is the interpretation? In diastole, the left atrial tracing can be
Hemodynamic quiz Here are the simultaneous pressure tracings from the aorta and the left ventricle. What is the interpretation? The tracings show a gradient between the left ventricle
How to check for pulsus paradoxus? Pulsus paradoxus is an exaggeration of the normal inspiratory fall in blood pressure. The paradox in pulsus paradoxus is that the pulse
Basics of hemodynamic evaluation – 3 Part 1 Part 2 While evaluating intracardiac shunt lesions by cardiac catheterization, an easy way is to look at the step up
Basics of hemodynamic evaluation – 2 Part 1 Part 3 This is the article in the series on basics of hemodynamic evaluation. As mentioned earlier, pressure measurement in
