Echocardiography is useful in demonstrating right heart thrombi, features of right ventricular overload and dysfunction as well as in differential diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism.
Strongest risk predictor in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy:
a) History of sudden cardiac death in multiple family members
b) Previous cardiac arrest or sustained ventricular arrhythmia
c) Septal thickness more than 30 millimeters
d)
Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy is the treatment of choice for:
a) Primary pulmonary hypertension
b) Eisenmenger syndrome
c) Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH)
d) Massive pulmonary embolism
Most important complication after alcohol septal ablation for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is:
a) Heart failure
b) Incomplete resolution of left ventricular outflow gradient
c) Complete heart block requiring permanent pacemaker
d)
Riociguat used in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension is a:
a) Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor
b) Soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator
c) Endothelin antagonist
d) Calcium channel antagonist
Complete AV block requiring permanent pacemaker implantation is more likely after:
a) Coronary artery bypass grafting
b) Aortic valve replacement
c) Mitral valve replacement
d) None of the above
PESI is the original pulmonary embolism severity index described in 2005 and sPESI is the simplified pulmonary embolism severity index published in 2010.
Which of the following is not a first line option for pulmonary embolism without shock or hypotension?
a) Unfractionated heparin
b) Low molecular weight heparin
c) Fondaparinux
d) Thrombolysis
60/60 sign in acute pulmonary embolism combines tricuspid regurgitation gradient of less than 60 mm Hg and pulmonary flow acceleration time of less than 60 msec.
