All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders

Sokolow-Lyon criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy: S wave in V1 + R wave in lead V5 or V6 > 3.5 mV OR R wave in V5 or V6 > 2.6 mV

Candidates for tissue valve (bioprosthetic) replacement: elderly, females planning pregnancy, following infective endocarditis and right sided valve disease

Cardiovascular contraindications to pregnancy include severe PAH, obstructive valvular lesions, cyanotic CHD and Marfan syndrome with dilated aorta.

Cardiac tamponade is a life threatening situation in which fluid within the pericardial cavity compresses the heart preventing its filling during diastole.

Calcified patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) produces an inverted Y shaped pattern of calcification on x-ray chest PA view.

ECG features suggesting epicardial ablation of VT: Pseudo delta, Intrinsicoid deflection 85 ms or more, R/S complex 121 ms or more, Q waves in lead I and no

Heparin antidote is protamine sulphate. It is used when quick reversal of action of heparin is needed as in case of bleeding or after an open heart surgery.

The term aldosterone escape in primary hyperaldosteronism is escape from the salt and water retaining effects of aldosterone. In the treatment of heart failure with angiotensin converting enzyme

Myocardial hibernation is reversible left ventricular dysfunction which occurs in a chronically ischemic myocardium, which improves after revascularization.

Phasic ejection click is the click in pulmonary stenosis when the stiff valve opens, it varies with respiration and is better heard in expiration.