All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders

Indicators of a large left to right shunt are cardiac enlargement, presence of flow murmurs and third heart sound and a wide pulse pressure in case of patent

Cardiac CT – Pulmonary veins and left atrium Cardiac CT scan showing pulmonary veins and left atrium Cardiac CT scan at the level where pulmonary veins join the

Central venous pressure monitoring is done in critical care units to assess the right sided filling pressure in guiding intravenous fluid therapy.

Atrial repolarization wave is usually not evident on the ECG as it has a low amplitude of 100 to 200 microvolts and is usually hidden in the QRS

Dextrocardia and dextroposition: In dextrocardia, the apex of the heart points to the right while in dextroposition, the heart is just pushed to the right.

Six Ps of critical limb ischemia (CLI) Classical clinical presentation of acute limb ischemia has been described as Six Ps of critical limb ischemia (CLI): [1] Pale Painful

PP interval: interval between the P waves due to atrial depolarization. PP interval is used to calculate the atrial rate.

Cardiac CT – Pulmonary artery bifurcation PA on contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT): CECT scan of thorax showing the bifurcation of main pulmonary artery (MPA) into RPA (right

Cardiac Computed Tomographic (CT) scan – Aortic arch level Cardiac CT scan requires a multi slice CT scanner, usually 64 or 128 slice or even higher. Heart rate

How does Sodium Glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibition improve heart failure? Different ways by which SGLT2 inhibition can improve heart failure are [1]: Natriuresis Osmotic diuresis These in turn