Need for TEE guidance for septal puncture during BMV TEE guidance for septal puncture during BMV: Usually only fluroscopic guidance is required during trans-septal puncture to enter the
Wilkins echocardiographic score for mitral stenosis Wilkins echocardiographic score for mitral stenosis is useful for deciding whether the valve is suitable for balloon mitral valvotomy (BMV), also known
Peak vs mean trans-mitral gradient in mitral stenosis Peak trans-mitral gradient depends on the left atrial compliance and left ventricular diastolic function. Mean trans-mitral gradient reflects the severity
Quantification of tethering of mitral valve in ischemic MR Quantification of tethering of mitral valve in ischemic MR: Both two dimensional and three dimensional echocardiography are useful in
Mechanism of ischemic mitral regurgitation: a) Rupture of papillary muscle following myocardial infarction b) Transient ischemic papillary muscle dysfunction c) Geometric changes in the left ventricle following ventricular
Estimation of right ventricular systolic pressure by Doppler echo is from: a) Velocity of tricuspid regurgitation jet b) Velocity of pulmonary regurgitation jet c) Area of tricuspid regurgitation
Measures useful in preventing interaction between implanted pacemaker and electrocautery: a) Using bipolar cautery b) Placing the indifferent plate electrode in such a way that the current path
Function of magnetic reed switch in an ICD (implantable cardioverter-defibrillator): a) Changes pacing mode to asynchronous (e.g. VVI to VOO) b) Suspends all tachyarrhythmia therapies c) None of