All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders

Cardiorenal syndrome has been classified into types I, II, III, IV and V.

J-CTO score from Multicenter CTO Registry in Japan grades the difficulty in crossing a chronic total occlusion (CTO) of a native coronary lesion.

Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm (AIVR) is a ventricular rhythm originating from the Bundle of His, the Purkinje system or the ventricular myocytes.

Anthracyclines like adriamycin are good chemotherapeutic agents which improve the long term survival, especially in breast cancer. But a small number of them develop cardiotoxicity. The chance for

Step down of PA saturation in PDA is seen in: a) Eisenmenger PDA b) TOF with PDA c) TGA with PDA d) TAPVC with PDA e) AP window

ECG in myocarditis may show all except: a) LBBB b) Increase in QRS voltage c) Ventricular tachycardia d) Ventricular fibrillation

Cardiotoxic effect of hyperkalemia increased by: a) Hypernatremia b) Hypercalcemia c) Hypocalcemia d) Alkalosis

Catheter induced ectopy is due to irritation of the local endocardium and will show all the features of a target ventricular ectopic for ablation,

Pacemapping at potential ablation sites is done at a rate slightly faster than the ventricular tachycardia. The QRS morphology should be a 12/12 match of the clinical tachycardia.

Native valve endocarditis (NVE) least amenable to treatment: a) Fungi b) Aerobic gram negative bacteria c) Staphylococcus aureus d) Enterococci