All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders

Calculation of shunt ratio is useful in deciding the operability of shunt lesions as well as their hemodynamic significance.

The physiological effects of arginine vasopressin are mediated through three receptor subtypes: V1A, V1B and V2.

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) can be assessed by pulsed wave Doppler and colour Doppler (color flow mapping).

Exercise testing in children may be used for evaluation of various disorders of cardiac rhythm rather than for inducible ischemia as in adults.

Left posteroseptal pathway: Positive delta wave and QRS in V1 indicates a left sided pathway. Negative delta wave and QRS in II, III and aVF suggests posteroseptal pathway

As the infant grows up, the heart rate gradually decreases. While the mean heart rate for a neonate is ~ 130/min, that of an adolescent would be ~

The Novacode ECG classification system is a set of criteria for ECG abnormalities and for clinically significant serial ECG changes.

Plasma levels of placental growth factor have been shown to be increased in ischemic cardiomyopathy, in proportion to the severity of heart failure.

Some studies have suggested that high levels of BNP in CKD indicate both reduced clearance of BNP by the kidneys as well as a compromised cardiac function.

Left cardiac sympathetic denervation is useful as a secondary prevention modality to reduce life threatening arrhythmia in patients with LQTS and CPVT.