All About Cardiovascular System and Disorders

Circulating endothelial cells proposed as new biomarker for irreversible pulmonary hypertension in congenital heart disease.

Pacemaker ventricular block: First degree, second degree and third degree block can occur at the lead – myocardial interface.

Electron beam CT vs Multi slice CT: EBCT has higher temporal resolution, as there is no gantry movement. MDCT has higher spatial resolution, but the temporal resolution is

Parasternal long axis view in echocardiography: transducer is placed in left parasternal region with beam oriented to image heart in the long axis view.

Doppler tracing of mitral flow in LV diastolic dysfunction showing E/A reversal.

Significant left main coronary artery stenosis is an indication for coronary artery bypass grafting.

11 year old boy with CCHD detected at 2 days of age - possibilities: TOF like physiology, single atrium, TAPVC, Pulmonary AVF, Severe PS + ASD, R-L shunt.

Mitral Doppler tracing: upward jet with an M shape is the diastolic jet of mitral stenosis.

Which vein has the highest oxygen saturation? Renal vein has the highest oxygen saturation.

ECG showing atrial fibrillation from a case of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with left ventricular hypertrophy with strain pattern.