HBC
Ventricular septal defect Ventricular septal defects (VSD) can be divided into perimembranous, muscular, inlet and outlet VSDs, depending on the location. Of these perimembranous VSDs are the commonest.
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Cardiac Surgery
Multiple muscular VSDs are also called swiss cheese VSD. Swiss cheese VSDs are difficult to close surgically.
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Cardiac Surgery
Pulmonary artery banding is used to reduce the pulmonary blood flow in situations of high pulmonary blood flow as a result of left to right shunts.
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