EMPEROR-Preserved clinical trial review EMPEROR-Preserved trial (Empagliflozin Outcome Trial in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction) evaluated the role of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor empagliflozin
Primordial prevention of atherosclerosis related cardiovascular disease Usually the three levels of prevention are primordial, primary and secondary. Primordial prevention is prevention of development of risk factors, mostly
Biomarkers in acute pulmonary embolism Biomarkers of myocardial injury may be elevated in acute pulmonary embolism. They are due to right ventricular ischemia and can influence early outcome.
Important aspects of pulmonary embolism Pulmonary embolism is a potentially life threatening condition which needs prompt recognition and treatment. Venous thromboembolism presenting as deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary
Permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia (Coumel tachycardia, PJRT) Permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia (Coumel tachycardia) is known in short as PJRT. It is an orthodromic atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia using a
Adenosine for differentiating AVNRT from AVRT Adenosine is used to terminate atrioventricular node dependent arrhythmias like AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) and atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT). It is
Cardiac amyloidosis Amyloidosis is a group of disorders in which an abnormal protein gets deposited in tissues. Two important types of amyloidosis which can involve the heart are
Grading of severity of pulmonary stenosis by Doppler echocardiography Pressure gradient across the pulmonary valve is estimated from the continuous wave Doppler derived velocity across the pulmonary valve
Ischemic nephropathy Ischemic nephropathy is significant reduction in glomerular filtration rate in patients with hemodynamically significant renovascular occlusive disease affecting the functional renal parenchyma. Other terminologies which have
