Category: General Cardiology

Eisenmenger syndrome can be considered as the final common pathway for all significant left to shunts in which there is unrestricted pulmonary blood flow.

In Ebstein anomaly a portion of the right ventricle is atrialised due to distal displacement of the septal and posterior leaflets of the tricuspid valve.

Arrhythmias are an important sequelae of post Fontan scenario. Most patients develop sick sinus syndrome. Heart failure is another important sequelae.

In transposition of great arteries (TGA), pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle and aorta arises from the right ventricle.

Cardinal features of tetralogy of Fallot are malalignment VSD with an overriding aorta, infundibular pulmonary stenosis and right ventricular hypertrophy.

Surgical procedures in complex CHD is more often a palliation rather than cure, unlike in simple CHDs like ASD, VSD and PDA.

Surgically created shunts in congenital heart disease are usually palliative procedures for complex cyanotic congenital heart diseases.

Association between myocardial infarction and osteoporotic fractures has been increasing over the past few decades.

Complete lipid atherogenic risk burden takes into account all atherogenic cholesterol particles like LDL-C, Lp(a), IDL-C, chylomicron remnants, and VLDL-C.

Two of the foremost emerging lipid risk markers are apolipoprotein B (apoB) and non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non–HDL-C).