Category: General Cardiology

ARB s produce more complete blockage of RAS (rennin angiotensin system) - only 30% of angiotensin II production is suppressed by ACE inhibitors.

BASEL Study on the role of BNP in heart failure has shown that BNP as a diagnostic test for heart failure can avoid several unnecessary admissions.

Starling's law of the heart: Increase in muscle fibre length increases the force of contraction upto a certain level.

In chronic heart failure, sympathoadrenergic system becomes counter productive and maladaptive. Hence beta blockers are useful in the treatment.

Advantage of Fondaparinux: single daily dose and less bleeding with equal efficacy.

Role of heparin after streptokinase: prevention of coronary re-occlusion, mural thrombus formation and thromboembolism in those with atrial fibrillation.

Limitations of passive leg raising in assessing dynamic variation of TR murmur: no change in severe right heart failure as RV is already fully loaded.

Minimum gradient required for diagnosis of tricuspid stenosis: 2mm Hg.

Significant mitral stenosis can be asymptomatic when there is associated tricuspid stenosis, pulmonary hypertension or atrial septal defect.

Right ventricular function is less understood than the left ventricular function, mainly because the number of studies are much lesser.